Restricted substances safety/toxicology

The notification is addressed to the Commission before entering the market. This notification in particular includes information about the identity, quantity and toxicological profile of the nanomaterial. It must facilitate the creation of a catalogue of all nanomaterials used in cosmetics on the market. When the Commission has doubts about the safety of nanomaterials, it is possible to register banned substances (appendix II) or restricted substances (appendix III). 

Due to safety/toxicology concerns, some substances should be restricted not only when added as such (for which reason they appear in Annex III Part A) but also when they are naturally present in avorings and food ingredients with avoring properties (for which reason they appear in Annex III Part B). Others (e.g., capsaicin) are only restricted when added as such (as chemically de ned substance ) and appear in Annex IB Part A but not when naturally present (hence they do not appear in Annex III Part B). One of the reasons could be that the use of natural sources in which capsaicin is present (e.g., chilli peppers—Capsicum) is self-limiting (at least for consumers in the EU), and setting limits for the use of peppers would be extremely dif cult from an implementation point of view and for control authorities (to check the maximum levels). An opinion on the safety of capsaicin was published by the SCF in 2002 [18]. 

The environmental impact of waste disposal and of chemical use in Europe has led to three legislative actions that, in today s global economy, greatly affect flame-retardant use and research. These actions go by the acronyms of RoHS (Reduction of Hazardous Substances), WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), and REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemical substances). These actions are discussed in detail in Chapter 22, but need to be mentioned here as they are clear examples of how changing regulations affect flame-retardant use, selection, and new fire-safety developments. The first one, RoHS, refers to how new items are manufactured, and specifically bans chemicals and elements of environmental and toxicological concern in Europe. One fall-out item of RoHS is the move from a lead-based solder on circuit... 

For occupational safety and health information for the preparation of pharmaceutical products a second valuable source about hazards is the information on pharmacologic and toxicological effects on humans of active substances and excipients. This information can be used with some restrictions ... 

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