Unsuspected responses

Also irrigation with brackish and saline waters is actively explored, with teams studying plant response to irrigation at various salinity levels and implications on the soil and the environment (e.g. INCO-DC 2001 DRC 2002). Results so far achieved show that unsuspected possibilities are open for the use of large, till now neglected unconventional water resources and that traditional guidelines based on crop salinity... 

Another example of an unknown or unsuspected response is the astonished look of a young child when it first discovers that turning a crank on a box produces not only music but also the surprising jack-in-the-box . 

Unknown important responses are destructive in many systems chemical plant explosions caused by impurity built up in reactors Minimata disease, the result of microorganisms metabolizing inorganic mercury and passing it up the food chain the dust bowl of the 1930 s - all are examples of important system responses that were initially unknown and unsuspected [Adams (1991)]. 

The continued utihzation of many classical pesticidal materials of demonstrated ubiquitousness and persistence and the presence of unknown or unsuspected industrial chemical pollutants other than pesticides in the environment are other areas of concern confronting public health officials and residue chemists alike. Thus, the analytical chemist is faced with a continuing responsibility to develop, evaluate, and improve the confidence of the techniques which are used to identify and quantitatively monitor these chemicals in human, animal, and environmental samples. 

That same year - 1965 - Ralph Nader published Unsafe at Any Speed - charging that the US automobile industry was knowingly selling unnecessarily dangerous cars to an unsuspecting public. General Motors Corporation (CM) hired a detective to shadow Mr Nader, who then sued CM, winning a monetary settlement. Mr Nader invested the proceeds to form the Center for Study of Responsive Law and the consumer safety branch of the environmental movement was born. 

In 1974, in a classic Nobel Prize-winning paper by Rowland and Molina [Nature, 249, 810 (1974)], it was shown that CFCs in the atmosphere could be responsible for destroying the ozone (O3) layer that protects our planet from the strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the suri that is known to cause cancer in humans. This unsuspected problem arises from the lack of chemical reactivity of the CFCs under normal conditions, which results in their remaining in the atmosphere for a century or more, allowing time for their diffusion into the upper atmosphere. Once in the stratosphere, UV radiation from the sun breaks down the CFCs, releasing chlorine atoms that react... 

Discovery of these new and unsuspected neutrophil functions has led to speculation about their role in the antitumoral response. 

RESPONSE EPA agrees that they would not normally be reportable because the exposure is not widespread and previously unsuspected. However, if health or environmental effects are seen then reporting should be considered. Also, if the substance has started the regulatory review process under FIFRA it would not be subject to section 8(e) reporting. A chemical substance which is in the process of R D as a pesticide is subject to TSCA until such time as the manufacturer or importer demonstrates the intent to produce a pesticide by submitting to the Agency an application for an Experimental Use Permit or registration under FIFRA. 

Recently the relationships of complement components to cell membrane receptors, cellular immune responses, and antibody production have been stimulated by the knowledge that some complement component genes are located on the histocompatibility chromosome. It is generally felt that structural analysis may show important unsuspected relationships to other proteins coded for in this area. There is harmony in these immune functions, and the details should soon be known. 

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