Respirator hood, usefulness

PHOTO 20.14 What s wrong with this picture Note that the zipper is not fully closed however, even if it were, skin would still be exposed. A perfect example of the usefulness of a respirator hood. A buddy could place duct tape around the face for sealing the suit to the respirator. The newer type second skin of the M40A1 could also help eliminate this problem. 

The MSDS (46) for thiophosgene describes it as highly toxic, corrosive lachrymator and moisture sensitive compound. It may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin. When using this material one should wear the appropriate NIOSH/OSHA-approved respirator, chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and other protective clothing. It should be used only in a chemical fume hood. 

Edema Edema is an abnormal accumulation of body fluid in tissues. An edema can be as trivial as a blister on your thumb, as life-threatening as a constriction of your airway. As in real estate, the three factors that determine the dangers associated with an edema are location, location, location. Exposure to toxic chemicals can cause a variety of edemas. Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) is particularly dangerous, if not treated. Be sure to avoid inhalation of chemicals whenever possible and to use proper protective measures, as suggested on the MSDS (fume hoods, respirators, etc.). 

Narcosis Narcosis is a state of deep stupor or unconsciousness, produced by a chemical substance, such as a drug or anesthesia. Inhalation of certain chemicals can lead to narcosis. For example, diethyl ether and chloroform, two common organic solvents, were among the first examples of anesthesia known. Many other chemicals that you would not suspect can also cause narcosis. For example, even though nitrogen gas comprises 80% of the air we breathe and is considered chemically inert (unreactive) it can cause narcosis under certain conditions. Always work with adequate inhalation and avoid inhaling chemical fumes, mists, dusts etc. whenever possible. Use fume hoods and respirators as necessary. 

By far, the most suitable method to quantify individual ruminant animal CH4 measurement is by using respiration chamber, or calorimetry. The respiration chamber models include whole animal chambers, head boxes, or ventilated hoods and face masks. These methods have been effectively used to collect information pertaining to CH4 emissions in livestock. The predominant use of calorimeters has been in energy balance experiments where CH4 has been estimated as a part of the procedures followed. Although there are various designs available, open-circuit calorimeter has been the one widely used. There are various designs of calorimeters, but the most common one is the open-circuit calorimeter, in which outside air is circulated around the animal s head, mouth, and nose and expired air is collected for further analysis. 

Glazes should be prepared where adequate ventilation is available. If glazes are routinely prepared from powders, a face mask should be used. Another option, if available, is to use a plain-opening exhaust hood or wear a toxic-dust respirator approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Also, gloves should be worn during the preparation and application because glaze substances can be irritating to the skin. 

Personnel protective equipment may be used in certain circumstances where exposure to airborne particulates contaminated with chemical carcinogens could occur. In those situations, personnel should be equipped with a complete clothing change, as well as respiratory protection selected on the basis of work performed, type of chemical used, and containment equipment. The respiratory protection may be a face mask, respirator [selected from those approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)] (4, 5), or emergency breathing air system. In the latter case, a head hood or a complete protective suit may be used with a breathing air supply system. Figure 2. 

An emergency escape hood is a pull-over respirator with an elastic neck seal that provides protection for only a short time. It should only be used when issued as part of a workplace or other organizational safety program and after proper training. 

PERSONAL PROTECTION wear NIOSH/MSHA-approved respirator, chemical-resistant gloves and other protective clothing use only in chemical fume hood avoid prolonged or repeated exposure wash thoroughly after each exposure use dust-proof safety goggles a system of local exhaust ventilation is recommended to control emissions at the source and to prevent dispersion into general work area use positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus maintain eyewash fountains and quick-drench facilities in work area. 

PERSONAL PROTECTION wear NIOSH/MSHA-approved respirator, chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles and protective clothing do not wear contact lenses use only in chemical fume hood... 

PERSONAL PROTECTION wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, chemical-resistant gloves, lab coat, apron, or coveralls wear chemical safety goggles use hood or other local exhaust ventilation to maintain exposure below threshold limit value (TLV) for nuisance dust appropriate respirators are needed in areas where exposure would be above the permissible exposure level use self-contained breathing apparatus in unknown concentrations maintain eyewash baths and safety showers in work area. 

For more intensive care, however, increased precautions are advisable. Members of the patient care team should be limited to a small number of selected, trained individuals, and special care should be directed toward eliminating all parenteral exposures. Use of endoscopy, respirators, arterial catheters, routine blood sampling, and extensive laboratory analysis increase opportunities for aerosol dissemination of infectious blood and body fluids. For medical personnel, the wearing of flexible plastic hoods equipped with battery-powered blowers provides excellent protection of the mucous membranes and airways. 

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