Resource conflicts

Having discussed the calculation of the individual processing timings, and some material balances, the last type of constraint that is needed is a standard constraint that relates two batches and prevents possible resource conflicts. 

There are many methods of analyzing variability and uncertainty and many ways of presenting the results. Inappropriate use of these methods gives misleading results, and experts differ on what is appropriate. Disagreement about which methods are appropriate will lead to wasted resources, conflict over results, and reduced credibility with decision makers and the public. There is, therefore, a need to reach a consensus on how to choose and use appropriate methods, and to present this in the form of guidance for prospective users. 

One advantage of MSD. EXE over the other programs listed is that it can be included on a boot floppy. In the event that a resource conflict is preventing your system from booting properly, you can boot to the DOS floppy and troubleshoot your problem. 

Sound cards are traditionally one of the most problem-ridden components in a PC. They demand a lot of PC resources and are notorious for being very inflexible in their configuration. The most common sound card-related problems will involve resource conflicts (IRQ, DMA, or I/O address). 

Multiple resource model of attention and W/INDEX Models attention as a collection of separable processing resources. W/INDEX is a computer model of workload that adopts the multiple-resource construct and accounts for resource conflict from separable processing resources Time sharing ability Automatic processing... 

The mutually recursive definition of register values is well- founded because the control step parameter value is decreasing in a recursion and limited by control step value 0. As an example, we present the computation of the value of the register R1 in the R- R phase of control step 6 according to the register transfer model xrtm given in fig.2. We assume, that the transfer predicate definitions do not involve resource conflicts (illegal values). 

With this assumption and corresponding assumptions preventing other potential resource conflicts it is not difficult to derive a single recursive equation defining register values according to the scheme... 

Figure 4 shows a simplified dependency graph for EXAMPLE, formed by combining and simplifying the DFG and CFG. It contains only the essential operation dependencies, i.e., data dependencies (such as between operations 5 and 7), resource conflicts (operations 3 and 4... 

Once a representative set of instructions has simulated, it may be necessary to iterate further on the choice of stages and on the placement of operators into stages until acceptable results are achieved. However, since hazards, resource conflicts, etc. have not yet been taken into account, and the design has not yet been synthesized, this analysis should be regarded only as a first-order approximation. 

Relative Schedule. With the resource conflicts resolved, scheduling is still necessary to assign the operations to control states in (vder to generate the control circuit for the final hardware. We use a novel technique called relative scheduling that uniformly supports operations with fixed and unbounded delays. We describe briefly the main results in relative scheduling. The interested reada is referred to [7] for further details. 

One commonly used approach is a list scheduling (LS) technique [1] where a hardware constraint is specified and the algorithm attempts to minimize the total execution time by using a local priority function to defer operations when resource conflicts occur. A different sjppTOxh,force-directed scheduling (FDS),... 

Forces are calculated using the methods described in the previous sections. However, as these calculations depend on the existence of time frames, a global time constraint must be temporarily specified. Here it is simply set to the length of the current critical path. This length is increased when the only way of resolving a resource conflict is to defer a critical opo on. 

Vulnerability of Energy Infrastructure to intentional attacks—the interplay of resource, conflict and security P. Burgherr, J. Giroux M. Spada... 

The main bottleneck of this plant is the flaker belt. Since there is only one flaker belt, the batch which has come to specifications might be kept inside the reactor depending on the batches competing for the flaker belt. Therefore the major cost associated with flaking is this tied up reactor time. Some of the formulas are less stable than others, therefore hold times for these formulas are minimized and the first priority is given to them. Making solutions takes as much time as flaking but since the resin solutions bypass the flaker belt, they don t have any resource conflicts. 

Constrained conflict resolution a method to resolve resource conflicts under timing constraints,... 

Resource conflict resolution. A resource binding implies a cotain configuration of hardware sharing. In general, resource conflicts can arise when a resource is accessed simultaneously by multiple op tions. These conflicts can be resolved by serializing operations bound to the same resource that can otherwise execute in parallel. Timing constraints must still be satisfied after conflict resolution. 

Relative scheduling. Once resource conflicts have been resolved, operations are assigned to control steps subject to synchronization and timing requirements. The formulation is based on relative scheduling. 

Concurrency factor can be used to determine the minimum resource allocation that is necessary to avoid resource conflicts, where we assume the worst case of all operations having unbounded execution delays. We first consider a sequencing graph G, and a resource binding 0 defined on G,. The resource binding partitions the shareable operations V into one or more instance operation sets where elements within an instance operation set all share the same hardware resource. We define the conflict degree of the binding 0 as follows. 

We define the conflict-free allocation for a resource type t T, denoted by Qcf t), as the minimum allocation of resource type t required to avoid resource conflicts. We state the following theorem. 

Proof We will prove by contradiction. Assume there exists an allocation oiiower t) < oic/it) such that no resource conflicts will arise if aiower(t) resources of type t are allocated. Since aj<, /er(<) < cfactor G,0 t)), there exists at least one resource binding that is derived from the allocation aiower(t) where two operations bound to the same hardware resource may execute in parallel. This results in a resource conflict and hence contradicts the previous assertion that Qiower t) is a conflict-free allocation of t. Therefore, acj t) = cfactor(G,0 t)) is the conflict-free allocation of t. ... 

The above theorems imply that conflict-free allocation /(<) can be evaluated efficiently because the concurrency factor can be computed in polynomial time. This point is worth emphasizing. The conflict-free allocation indicates the degree of parallelism among the operations of a given resource type. It corresponds to the extent resource conflicts are present in a graph. If the conflict-free allocation satisfies the required resource constraints, then it is not necessary to allocate more resources than this amount to obtain an implementation that satisfies the timing constraints. 

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