Resonance principles

The degree of attenuation at the critical frequency can be very large, but this type of silencer has a very narrow bandwidth. This device may be suitable when the machine being dealt with emits sound predominantly of a single wavelength. Lining the chamber with absorbers can expand the absorber bandwidth of a Helmholtz resonator, but this has the effect of reducing the efficiency. The perforated absorber, which forms the basis of many acoustic enclosures and silencers, is a development of the resonator principle. 

Equation 1.132 has the property of never giving an energy that is lower than the true energy resonance principle cf Pauling, 1960). This property allows us to assign to the MO wave functions that are obtained by linear combination of the AO functions of the separate atoms (Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals, or LCAO, method), by progressive adjustment of the combinatory parameters, up to achievement of the lowest energy. 

B. Gallez, C. Baudelet, B.F. Jordan, Assessment of tumor oxygenation by electron paramagnetic resonance Principles and applications, NMR Biomed. 17 (2004) 240-262. 

Schrag,J.L., Johnson,R.M. Application of the Birnboim multiple lumped resonator principle to viscoelastic measurements of dilute macromolecular solutions. Rev. Sci. Inst. 42, 224-232 (1971). 

V. I. Kukulin, K. M. Krasnopolsky, and J. Horacek, Theory of Resonances, Principles and Applications, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1989. 

With relation to more detail of this section, refer to standard text books, for example, Chapters 6 and 7 in Nuclear magnetic resonance, principles and theory , Kitamaru R (1990) Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam... 

Kitamaru, R., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Principles and Theory, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1990. 

Weh2 F.W. Wehrli, Fast-Scan Magnetic Resonance Principles and Applications, Raven Press,... 

Kitamaru R. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance—Principle and Theory. Amsterdam Elsevier, 1990. 

Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometer (FTMS) Fourier transformation (FT) of time-dependent image from the detector to m/z intensity is utilized for two types of mass spectrometers ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) and Orbitrap. FTICR mass spectrometers operate based on the ion cyclotron resonance principle ions in a magnetic field (B) move in circular orbits at frequencies (ft>c) characteristic of their m/z values as shown below (Marshall et al., 1998,2002) ... 

Englebienne, P., Van Hoonacker, A., and Verhas, M. Surface plasmon resonance Principles, methods and applications in biomedical sciences. Spectroscopy 17, 255-273 (2003). 

Two major optical techniques are commonly available to sense optical changes at sensor interfaces. These are usually based on evanescent wave and surface plasmon resonance principles. 

Analysis of the dynamic mechanical properties of acrylic polymers has been the subject of numerous investigations [169,205 214]. In most of these investigations, the measurements were made using a Rheovibron, which utilizes the forced-resonance principle [203]. 

Apply resonance principles to identify the more basic of the two nitrogens of 4-(A,A-dimethylamino)pyridine, and suggest an explanation for its enhanced basicity. 

Figure 1. The cyclotron resonance principle as applied to mass spectrometers. An alternating electric field whose frequency equals the cyclotron frequency (Equation 1) for a particular ion mass, excites the cyclotron motion of that ion. An oscillator is connected to the plates of a capacitor, whose dimensions define the sample volume, and gives rise to an alternating electric field within the capacitor. If the frequency of the oscillator equals the cyclotron frequency (Equation 1) of an ion located within the capacitor, the radius of the ion s cyclotron orbit will be increased (i.e., the ion cyclotron motion is excited). This phenomenon is called cyclotron resonance. The kinetic energy of the ion increases as the ion follows the spiral path shown, and the presence of cyclotron resonance is detected by measuring the signal that is induced in the plates of the capacitor by the excited ion motion.

Deleanu C and Pare JRJ (1997) Nuclear magnetic resonance. Principles and applications. In Pare JRJ and B6langer JMR (eds.) Instrumental Methods in Food Sciences, pp. 179-237. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

From Particle Mechanics to Pixel Dynamics Utilizing Stochastic Resonance Principle for Biomedical Image Enhancement... 

Stochastic Resonance Principle for Biomedical Image Enhancement... 

Kitamaru, K.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Principles ondTheory, Elsevier Science, New York, 1990. Lambert, J.B., Holland, L.N., and Mazzola, E.P., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Introduction to Principles, Applications and Experimental Methods, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2003. 

Mills CM, Brant-Zawadski M, Crooks LE et al (1984) Nuclear magnetic resonance - Principles of blood flow imaging. AJR (Am J Roentgenol) 142 165-170... 

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