Alkaline peroxide

Masking by oxidation or reduction of a metal ion to a state which does not react with EDTA is occasionally of value. For example, Fe(III) (log K- y 24.23) in acidic media may be reduced to Fe(II) (log K-yyy = 14.33) by ascorbic acid in this state iron does not interfere in the titration of some trivalent and tetravalent ions in strong acidic medium (pH 0 to 2). Similarly, Hg(II) can be reduced to the metal. In favorable conditions, Cr(III) may be oxidized by alkaline peroxide to chromate which does not complex with EDTA. 

I08J (in a different form than for aluminum adherends) but Pasa Jell 107, Turco 5578 and alkaline peroxide [80] etches are also popular. 

Step Pasa Jell 107 Alkaline peroxide Turco 5578... 

Nonconjugated double bonds fail to react with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, e.g., see ref. 53, 54 and 56a. The 1,2-double bond of A " -3-ketones e.g., 61, reacts with alkaline peroxide to give the la,2a-epoxide in over 70% yield.""... 

For bleaching with alkaline peroxide, the 304 group is satisfactory but with moist sulphur dioxide or hypochlorites the 316 group should be used. In the case of hypochlorites, contact should be short or confined to alkaline sodium hypochlorite. 

Addition-Elimination Mechanisms. In the reaction between a,p-unsaturated ketones and alkaline peroxide (15-48), the oxidizing agent adds to the substrate, and then part of it is lost ... 

A mixture of sodium peroxide and diethyl ether combusts when water is present. This accident is caused by ether oxidation by hydrogen peroxide, which is formed by the effect of water on alkaline peroxide. 

The fact that most pulp and paper applications use dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide in alkali has kindled interest in the electrosynthesis of alkaline peroxide solutions by cathodic reduction of oxygen. 

Fig. 19. Alternative cell designs for the electrosynthesis of alkaline peroxide solutions [129]...

Oloman C, Watkinson AP (1986) Electrolytic generation of alkaline peroxide solutions, Can CA 1,1214,747 Chem Abstr 106 (1987) 127953a... 

Monoperphthalic acid has been prepared by hydrolysis of phthalyl peroxide with sodium hydroxide2 and by shaking phthalic anhydride with excess alkaline peroxide solution.2 The method described here is a modification of this latter process.3... 

There are a number of full-scale activated sludge plants that are in operation in countries such as the United States, Canada, and Finland, which treat effluents from Kraft, sulfite, TMP, CTMP, and newsprint mills [22]. SchneU et al. [70] reported the effectiveness of a conventional activated sludge process operating at an alkaline-peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) plant at Malette Quebec, Canada. The full-scale plant achieved 74% reduction in filterable COD and nearly complete elimination of BOD5, resin acids, and fatty acids in the whole mill effluent. The treated effluent tested nontoxic as measured by a Microtox assay. Saunamaki [71] reported... 

Schnell, A. Sabourin, M.J. Skog, S. Garvie, M. Chemical characterization and biotreatability of effluents from an integrated alkaline-peroxide mechanical pulping/machine finish coated (APMP/ MFC) paper mill. Water Sci. Technol. 1997, 55 (2-5), 7-14. 

IR spectrophotometry, 661, 662 TEARS assay, 667 hydroperoxide oxidation, 692 Upid hydroperoxides, 977-8 decomposition, 669 DNA adducts, 978-84 protein adducts, 984-5 ozone adducts, 734 ozonide reduction, 726 ozonization characterization, 737, 739 peroxydisulfate reactions, 1013, 1018 Alkali metal ozonides, 735-7 Alkaline peroxide process, pulp and paper bleaching, 623... 

Ozonolysis of phenanthridine in methylene chloride followed by alkaline peroxide oxidation gives quinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid (2%) and phenanthridone (39 23%) as the main product (Scheme 27) (64JA38). 

Compound 213 rearranges into 215 on treatment with alkaline peroxide intermediate 214 is probably formed by ring opening of 213 in alkali... 

Sulfite paper has a relatively short life span, since residual acid will continue to hydrolyze the cellulose and cause embrittlement. Further sources of acid include aluminum sulfate (which is added together with resin to suppress bleeding or feathering of ink into the paper) and S02 and NO from the atmosphere. Much of the world s library collections and archives will soon be lost as the paper crumbles. Various deacidification treatments (e.g., with ammonia, morpholine, cyclohexylamine carbamate, or diethyl-zinc) have been proposed and tried, but at best they can only halt the process of embrittlement and cannot reverse it.14 With the move to kraft pulping, alkaline peroxide bleaching, and increasing use of precipitated calcium carbonate as a filler, the high quality papers produced today are intrinsically acid free and should also resist subsequent acidification by S02-polluted air fairly well. 

Fowles, E.H., Gilbert, B.C., Giles, M.R. and Whitwood, A.C. (2007) The effects of chelating agents on radical generation in alkaline peroxide systems, and the relevance to substrate damage. Free Radio. Res., 41, 515-522. 

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