Replenishing tank

In these processes, dye and alkali can be applied together or separately. In the one-bath process, the so-called pad liquor stability, the stability of the dye to hydrolysis as a function of time, is important. With increasing reactivity of the dye, the risk of a loss in color strength with too long a dwell time in the pad box or replenishing tank increases. For this reason, metering equipment is commonly used. Dye and alkali are metered separately into the padder, which means that the dwell time in the pad box can be kept to a minimum. In addition, pad boxes are constructed with very small liquor volume, so that the liquor is replaced within 5 min. 

Fig. 11 Intermediate replenishing tank system, ohmic insulated for electrostatic waterbased basecoat application. (Courtesy of LACTEC GmbH, Rodgau, Germany.)...

Silver is most commonly recovered by electrolysis or metallic replacement from the processing solutions or by ion exchange (qv) from the wash water (123). Loss of chemicals from one tank into the next has been minimized. The color paper process has progressed from five chemical solutions, three washes, and a replenishment rate of 75 lL/cm (70 mL/ft ) of film for each of the five solutions to two chemical solutions, one wash, and replenishment rates of 15 lL/cm (16 mL/ft ) and 5 lL/cm (5 mL/ft ). For color negative films, developer replenishment has dropped from over 300 to 43 lL/cm (40 mL/ft ). Regeneration of the now reduced overflow has decreased chemical discharge by as much as 55% (124). 

The electrolytes are non-corrosive and the electrodes do not corrode with time. This feature is of special significance when compared with an ordinary liquid resistance starter used commonly for slip-ring motors. Electrolytes do not deteriorate and therefore do not require replacement. The evaporated liquid can be replenished with drinking water when the level of the electrolyte falls as a result of evaporation. In Europe such starters have been used for over 15-20 years. Electrolyte switching is a costlier proposition compared to direct on-line or star/delta switching due to additional shorting contactor and timer, and the cost of electrolyte, its tank and thermostatic control etc. The cost may. 

In plain bearings, the lubricating fluid must be replenished to compensate for end leakage in order to maintain their load-carrying capacity. Pressure lubrication from a pump-or gravity-fed tank, or automatic lubricating devices such... 

The hydrogen pressure-drop corresponds to 0.325-0.335 mole (99-102%). When the hydrogen pressure drops below about 15 p.s.i., the hydrogen should be replenished in the reservoir tank to bring the pressure back up to about 30 p.s.i. The checkers found a reduction period of 4-6 hours sufficient the submitters routinely used a 24-hour reduction period. 

The advantage of a fuel cell over a conventional battery is that the fuel for electrical power can be replenished easily. Just as we pull into a service station to refill the gas tank, owners of automobiles powered by fuel cells will refill their fiiel tanks with hydrogen or butane. 

The deionization system will be designed to handle the proposed expansion. It should be large enough that the ion exchange unit can replenish storage tanks while the plant is running at full capacity. 

The depolymerized Nylon used in the hydrogenation process was obtained by the ammonolysis of a mixture of Nylon-6 and Nylon-6,6 (described elsewhere, see reference 2). Hydrogenation reactions were conducted in 300 cc stirred pressure vessels. For semi-batch reactions hydrogen was constantly replenished to the reactor from a 1L reservoir to maintain a reactor pressure of 500 psig and all of the reactions were conducted with the same operating parameters and protocol. In continuous stirred tank studies hydrogen flow was controlled using... 

Metal hydrides may also be used for hydrogen storage where the hydrogen is chemically bonded to one or more metals and released with a catalyzed reaction or heating. The hydrides can be used for storage in a solid form or in a water-based solution. When a hydride has released its hydrogen, a byproduct remains in the fuel tank to be either replenished or disposed of. 

Graphite anode 1 is in the central part of the apparatus. All this space is filled with small lead balls. Thus, the anode-cathode spacing is determined by the thickness of insulating mesh 3. The electrolyte continuously circulates through the tank. The formed tetraethyllead does not dissolve in the electrolyte it is collected in the lower part of the anode chamber and is periodically withdrawn to purification. In order to replenish the reacted lead, new portions of lead pellets are periodically introduced through the choke, just like ethylmagnesiumchloride. 

Zn-bromine flow and vanadium redox flow are special cases of secondary batteries. Here, liquid electrode materials are used on one (Zn-Br flow) or both sides (V redox flow) of the electrochemical cell. In contrast to regular batteries, which are typically completely closed systems, the liquid electrode materials in flow batteries are circulated and replenished from tanks (Figure 3.5.5). Therefore, the flow batteries possess large electrodes, the effective size of which is just limited by the volume of those tanks. This partly decouples energy and power capabilities of the batteries, allowing one to optimize both separately. 

The underflow of the cyclone 7 is withdrawn by an eccentric worm pump 8 and delivered to a belt filter press 9 yielding a highly dewatered cake and a filtrate consisting essentially of water but loaded with small concentrations of sulfuric acid, furfural, and by-products. This filtrate is recycled to tank 1 for preparing the feed stock slurry. Due to this scheme, most of the sulfuric acid is recovered and reutilized, the only loss being the quantity contained in the cake. This loss is replaced in tank 1. Analogously, the water leaving the system with the cyclone vapor and the cake is also replenished in tank 1 so that the overall mass balance is satisfied. 

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