Renewable sources, products from

Develop technologies, components and innovative systems for hydrogen production from renewable sources or from fossil fuels with CO2 separation. 

International Research and Development. Germany has become the world leader in renewable en-ergy production electricity from renewable sources increased from 6.3 percent in 2000 to about 16 percent in 2009, with a target goal of 27 percent by 2020. 

The recent law on production is applicable to all forms of the production electricity from any renewable source, or from recycled thermal effluents. However, in the early days up to the present, the speediest and most exciting reply has been in the area of water resources. 

In the United States about 3 percent of all electricity produced comes from renewable sources of this a little more than half comes from biomass. Most biomass energy generation comes from the lumber and paper industries from their conversion of mill residues to in-house energy. Municipal solid waste also is an important fuel for electricity production approximately 16 percent ot all municipal solid waste is disposed of by combustion. Converting industrial and municipal waste into bioenergy also decreases the necessity for landfdl space. 

Breakdown of energy production from renewable sources. 

The aim is to produce biomass or a mass of cells such as microbes, yeast and fungi. The commercial production of biomass has been seen in the production of baker s yeast, which is used in the baking industry. Production of single cell protein (SCP) is used as biomass enriched in protein.6 An algae called Spirulina has been used for animal food in some countries. SCP is used as a food source from renewable sources such as whey, cellulose, starch, molasses and a wide range of plant waste. 

The reliance of fossil fuels has been challenged by lower cost and renewable sources that are more environmentally friendly. The traditional chemical plant has met serious competition from green plants. Many monomers are now made via fermentation, using low-cost sugars as feedstock. Some of the commodity monomers are under siege by chemicals extracted from biomass. Monomer production has been expanded to include many more monomers from nature. 

Green chemistry also calls for design for biodegradable end products, principally, by employing chemicals from renewable sources, and dictates the use of real-time, on-line analysis for better process control. 

Chemicals from animal and vegetable oils are known as fatty acid products. Obviously, a renewable source. 

In view of the finiteness of fossil energy products, accompanied by growing environmental problems, it is necessary to establish new, sustainable and future-oriented concepts for energy generation. The goal of sustainable development inevitably involves the exploitation of renewable sources of energy. Therefore, the European Union (EU) aims to double the proportion of renewable energy from 6% to 12% by 2010. Currently, around 4% (69 MtOE = 69 x 1061 of oil equivalents) of the EU s total... 

Methanol and ethanol are alcohol fuels that can be produced from various renewable sources. Alcohol fuels are converted from biomass or other feedstocks using one or several conversion techniques. Both government and private research programs are finding more effective, less costly methods of converting biomass to alcohol fuels. Methanol was originally a by-product of charcoal production, but today it is primarily produced from natural gas and can also be made from biomass and coal. 

By 2007, about 4% of all the fuel sold or dispensed to U.S. motorists came from renewable sources, which is almost 5 billion gallons of renewable fuels. New and expanded plants now under construction are expected to push the annual production of ethanol well above this level. 

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