Renal system pregnancy

In ChinchUla and New Zealand white rabbits, thaUdomide 150 mg/kg on days 6-15 of pregnancy caused increased incidences of conceptions undergoing resorption and of fetal malformations, and reductions in Utter size and body weight of the 28-day fetuses 22% of fetuses were deformed, with abnormaUties affecting the locomotor, nervous, cutaneous, ocular, respiratory, and renal systems (177). 

Lithium Mechanism of action uncertain suppresses inositol signaling and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a multifunctional protein kinase No significant antagonistic actions on autonomic nervous system receptors or specific CNS receptors no sedative effects Bipolar affective disorder-prophylactic use can prevent mood swings between mania and depression Oral absorption, renal elimination half-life 20 h. narrow therapeutic window (monitor blood levels) Toxicity Tremor, edema, hypothyroidism, renal dysfunction, dysrhythmias pregnancy category D Interactions Clearance decreased by thiazides and some NSAIDs... 

Two pregnancies (with normal outcomes) have been described in renal transplant patients using an lUCD. It seems that an intact immune system is needed for effective contraception by lUCD, and that immunosuppressive therapy can render an lUCD ineffective. Immunosuppressed patients should be advised to use another means of contraception (37). 

In case of loasis, the drug may provoke ocular problems and meningoencephalitis, especially in patients with heavy infections [55,99,102]. The occurrence of encephalitis due to the presence of microfilariae of Lloa in the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid may be fatal. The patient first falls in coma and then dies. A few cases of collapse and death have also been reported during treatment of W. bancrofti or O. volvulus infections [7]. The use of DEC should be avoided during pregnancy and in patients with renal and cardiac diseases [65]. 

Secondary hyperaldosteronism results from stimulation of the zona glomerulosa by an extra-adrenal factor, usually the renin-angiotensin system. Excessive potassium intake can create a physiologic increase in aldosterone, as can oral contraceptive use, pregnancy (10 times normal by the third trimester), and menses. Congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, renal artery stenosis, and Bartter s syndrome also can lead to elevated aldosterone concentrations. 

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