Relieving

M.p. 114-116 C. Prepared by racemization of hyoscyamine. It and its salts are used to dilate the pupil of the eye. Given internally they reduce the secretion of saliva and relieve spasmodic pains. 

White crystals, m.p. 90-9 rC. Prepared fromp-nitrotoluene by way of p-aminobenzoic acid. It is used as a local anaesthetic on mucous surfaces internally and by injection, and is taken internally to relieve gastric pain. 

Actual crystal planes tend to be incomplete and imperfect in many ways. Nonequilibrium surface stresses may be relieved by surface imperfections such as overgrowths, incomplete planes, steps, and dislocations (see below) as illustrated in Fig. VII-5 [98, 99]. The distribution of such features depends on the past history of the material, including the presence of adsorbing impurities [100]. Finally, for sufficiently small crystals (1-10 nm in dimension), quantum-mechanical effects may alter various physical (e.g., optical) properties [101]. 

The discovery of perfect geodesic dome closed structures of carbon, such as C o has led to numerous studies of so-called Buckminster fullerene. Dislocations are important features of the structures of nested fullerenes also called onion skin, multilayered or Russian doll fullerenes. A recent theoretical study [118] shows that these defects serve to relieve large inherent strains in thick-walled nested fullerenes such that they can show faceted shapes. 

The TeleSpec system, which was funded by the DFN [77], was developed with the aim to provide a method to relieve this difficulty by simulating an IR spectrum for a given input structure. 

Soreness which may follow ver minor accidents to the eye may he relieved bv placing i drop of castor oil in the corner of the eye. 

In a 250 ml. separatory funnel place 25 g. of anhydrous feri.-butyl alcohol (b.p. 82-83°, m.p. 25°) (1) and 85 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid (2) and shake the mixture from time to time during 20 minutes. After each shaking, loosen the stopper to relieve any internal pressure. Allow the mixture to stand for a few minutes until the layers have separated sharply draw off and discard the lower acid layer. Wash the halide with 20 ml. of 5 per cent, sodium bicarbonate solution and then with 20 ml. of water. Dry the preparation with 5 g. of anhydrous calcium chloride or anhydrous calcium, sulphate. Decant the dried liquid through a funnel supporting a fluted Alter paper or a small plug of cotton wool into a 100 ml. distilling flask, add 2-3 chips of porous porcelain, and distil. Collect the fraction boiling at 49-51°. The yield of feri.-butyl chloride is 28 g. 

This compound is a lachrymator and also produces a burning sensation on the skill i the latter is relieved by washing the affecte[Pg.695]

In the case of the retro Diels-Alder reaction, the nature of the activated complex plays a key role. In the activation process of this transformation, the reaction centre undergoes changes, mainly in the electron distributions, that cause a lowering of the chemical potential of the surrounding water molecules. Most likely, the latter is a consequence of an increased interaction between the reaction centre and the water molecules. Since the enforced hydrophobic effect is entropic in origin, this implies that the orientational constraints of the water molecules in the hydrophobic hydration shell are relieved in the activation process. Hence, it almost seems as if in the activated complex, the hydrocarbon part of the reaction centre is involved in hydrogen bonding interactions. Note that the... 

Filtered or not, the ethanol/isosafrole/(sometimes junk) is relieved of its ethanol by openly boiling it on the stove or by distillation. Any ethanol removed by distillation is saved because it is clean and perfectly reusable (remember, it will still have that 5% water). One should not remove all of the solvent this way because things can get really hot really fast as the last of the ethanol boils away. 

Distillation is always the most reliable way of separating things from complex mixtures such as relieving our P2P from its annoying black contaminants just like what was done above. But wouldn t it be nice if there was another way to do it for those without a distillation apparatus or who Just didn t have the time to distill Well, there actually is such a way, and it works fabulously ... 

Angle strain is the main source of strain in epoxides but torsional strain that re suits from the eclipsing of bonds on adjacent carbons is also present Both kinds of strain are relieved when a ring opening reaction occurs... 

The most striking chemical property of epoxides is their far greater reactivity toward nude ophilic reagents compared with that of simple ethers Epoxides react rapidly with nude ophiles under conditions in which other ethers are inert This enhanced reactivity results from the angle strain of epoxides Reactions that open the nng relieve this strain... 

Once used as an arrow poison It IS hundreds of times more powerful than morphine in relieving pain It is too toxic to be used as a drug however)... 

Aspinn possesses a number of properties that make it an often recommended drug It is an analgesic effective m relieving headache pain It is also an antiinflammatory agent providing some relief from the swelling associated with arthritis and minor injuries Aspinn IS an antipyretic compound that is it reduces fever How aspmn does all this was once a mystery but is now better understood and will be discussed m Section 26 6 Each year more than 40 million lb of aspirin is produced m the United States a rate equal to 300 tablets per year for every man woman and child... 

Gua/aco/ is obtained by chemical treatment of lignum vitae the wood from a species of tree that grows in warm climates It is some times used as an expectorant to help relieve bronchial congestion... 

Aspartame is the market leader among artifi cial sweeteners It is a methyl ester of a dipeptide un related to any carbohydrate It was discovered in the course of research directed toward developing drugs to relieve indigestion... 

Histamine is responsible for many of the symptoms associated with hay fever and other allergies An antihistamine relieves these symptoms by blocking the action of histamine... 

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