Reliability reduction number

Improved emergency core cooling (ECC) reliability by reduction in number of valves, auto change-over to recirculation phase, sustained low pressure conditioning, four heat exchangers and four pumps... 

A large number of separations can be performed by HPLC by simply injecting various samples and appropriate final data reduction, although the column and/or solvent may require a change for each new application. Based on these comments, it should be obvious that HPLC is considerably more convenient and less operator-dependent than classical LC. The greater reproducibility and continuous quantitative detection in HPLC allows more reliable qualitative analysis as well as more precise and accurate quantitative analysis than classical LC. 

The last and most advanced system presented in this book includes an array of three MOS-transistor-heated microhotplates (Sect. 6.3). The system relies almost exclusively on digital electronics, which entailed a significant reduction of the overall power consumption. The integrated C interface reduces the number of required wire bond connections to only ten, which allows to realize a low-prize and reliable packaging solution. The temperature controllers that were operated in the pulse-density mode showed a temperature resolution of 1 °C. An excellent thermal decoupling of each of the microhotplates from the rest of the array was demonstrated, and individual temperature modulation on the microhotplates was performed. The three microhotplates were coated with three different metal-oxide materials and characterized upon exposure to various concentrations of CO and CH4. 

Reduction of arenediazoninm salts provides the basis for a substantial number of chemical reactions. A notable application is the Sandmeyer reaction, which utilizes the diazo moiety to facilitate functionalization of aromatic systems and remains one of the most reliable transformations in organic chemistry. The general reaction involves the addition of the cuprate salt of the desired moiety to the diazonium species—ArN2 + CuX — ArX. 

Multichip Packaging. A solution to these problems is to mount a number of ICs closely together on a common substrate within an MCP. The obvious advantages of the MCP are the reduction in the overall size and weight of the package and, thus, the reduction in the size and cost of the system. The reliability of the system is also improved, because the chip-to-chip interconnections can be accomplished within the package, which reduces the number of package-to-board connections. 

Science, technology, and commerce require rapidly rising numbers and types of measurements that for good reasons can be trusted [1-4]. Worldwide acceptance of measurement results requires reliable, traceable, and comparable measurements for reduction of costs, efficient production processes, subsequent use of measurement data, realization of fair-trade conditions, and for internationally recognized and accepted laboratory accreditations. Physical measurements made in accor-... 

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