Mutagenic agents

Some diazoamino-compounds are suspect mutagenic agents. 

The choice of the strain of microorganism is one of the important variables in the process. The strains to be used in manufacture are mutants of the original producer, which are chosen as the result of a planned program of mutant selection. Sometimes a spontaneous mutation occurs usually, it is induced by mutagenic agents or irradiation of various sorts. The choice of the best strain depends on its abiUty to produce large amounts of the proper antibiotic in a reasonable time from ingredients that are economically feasible (73). 

Bridges, B.A. (1972). Simple bacterial systems for detecting mutagenic agents. Lab. Pract. 21 413-419. 

Kwan, K.K. Dutka, B.J. Mutatox test a new test for monitoring environmental mutagenic agents. Environ. Pollut. 1990, 65, 323-332. 

The bioassay results are given in Table II. Mutagenic activity was detected in eleven of the finished and six of the corresponding raw waters. These results indicate mutagenic agents can be accumulated from water using XAD-2 resin. Additional investigations have been performed to compare XAD-2 with other sorbents. 

Polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins are the most efficient solid sorbents tested for the accumulation of mutagenic agents from water. This greater efficiency recommends their use in bioassay programs for the preliminary assessment of health risks associ-... 

Nitro-7-methoxy-naphtho[2,1-b]furan (R7000), a new highly potent mutagenic agent. Mutat Res 88 355-362. 

Sinskey, A.J. and Tannenbaum, S.R., "Chemical Activation of Nitrosamines into Mutagenic Agents", Tetrahedron Letters, 1976, 333-336. 

Bayona, J. M., M. Casellas, P. Fernandez, A. M. Solanas, and J. Albaiges, Sources and Seasonal Variability of Mutagenic Agents in the Barcelona City Aerosol, Chemosphere, 29, 441-450 (1994). 

DNA-damaging carcinogens. These are genotoxic/mutagenic agents, which react chemically with DNA to cause mutations. 

Mashima, S. Ikeda, Y. (1958) Selection of mutagenic agents by the streptomyces reverse mutation test. Appl. Microbiol., 6, 45-49... 

Adler, I.-D. (1980) New approaches to mutagenicity studies in animals for carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. I. Modification of the heritable translocation test. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutag., 1, 75-86... 

One way in which chemical compounds can induce base substitution mutation is through their incorporation into the structure of DNA itself. Thus, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (or bromouracil) can replace thymidine in DNA, where it serves as an efficient mutagenic agent.767 2-Aminopurine, an analog of adenine, pairs with thymine, just as does adenine when incorporated into DNA. 

Mutation is a rare event as far as an individual human being is concerned the probability that a mutation will occur in any one protein is about l in 109. For a human cell it is probably 1 in 105 (calculated from the incidence of haemophilia), but mutagenic agents in effect increase the mutation frequency. Furthermore, a specific mutation in the enzymes involved in DNA repair will also increase the level of mutation. 

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