Tumors staging

Callagy, G., Dimitriadis, E., Harmey, J., Bouchier-Hayes, D., Leader, M., and Kay, E. 2000. Immunohistochemical measurement of tumor vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer. A more reliable predictor of tumor stage than microvessel density or serum vascular endothelial growth factor. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 8, 104-109. 

Most functional proteomic studies have been performed in cancer cell lines, that is, after exposition to toxicants, RNA inhibition, differentiation agents, viral transfection, and so on. These studies covered several aspects of mutagenesis, tumor promotion, and progression. In the recent years, it has been shown that repeated analysis of the proteome at different tumor stages also deliver distinct patterns and thus a functional picture of disease progression at the molecular level. 

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer in the United States (Niederhuber et al, 1995). The main problem of combating pancreatic adenocarcinoma arises from a lack of specific symptoms and limitations in detection methods. The overwhelming majority of pancreatic carcinoma patients are discovered at a late clinical tumor stage. Only 10% of patients show a potentially curable resectable tumor. 

Arnold, J.C., Schneider, A.R.J., Zdpf, T., Riemann, J.F. Laparoscopic tumor staging-a safe method in the hands of internists. Klinikarzt 2001 30 142-146... 

Ali-el-Dein B, el-Baz M, Aly AN, Shamaa S, Ashamallah A. Intravesical epirubicin versus doxorubicin for superficial bladder tumors (stages pTa and pTl) a randomized prospective study. J Urol 1997 158(l) 68-74. 

Tumor Stage at Diagnosis Stage Distribution (%) 5-Year Relative Survival (%) ... 

Homan SM, Sheehan CE, Ross JS, et al. Downregrrlation of GADD45a protein expression is associated with advanced tumor stage and decreased survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Mod Pathol. 2008 21 343A. 

Sessa F, Furlan D, Zampatti C, et al. Prognostic factors for ampullary adenocarcinomas tumor stage, tumor histology, tumor location, immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability. Virch Arch. 2007 451 649-657. 

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