Related Techniques - Introduction

Niessen, W.M.A., Advances in instrumentation in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and related liquid-introduction techniques, ]. Chromatogr. A, 794, 407, 1998. 

Chard, T. An introduction to radioimmunoassay and related techniques. Elsevier, 1995. 

Chard T (ed) (1990) An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques. Elsevier Amsterdam Eggins B (ed) (1996) Biosensors. Wiley and Teubner, Chichester Engvall E (1970) in Van Vunakis H, Langone J (eds) Enzyme immunoassay ELISA and EMIT Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press 70 419—439... 

Reviews listed in Further Reading provide excellent introductions to PCS. Related techniques have been developed to detect other molecular properties. These properties include fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) (28) to detect codiffusing fluorophores and photon-counting histograms (PCH) (29), or fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (FIDA) (29) to distinguish fluorescent species according to their brightness. 

T. Chard, "An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques." North-Hol-land Publ., Amsterdam, 1978. 

Niessen, W.M.A. Advances in Instrumentation in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Related Liquid-Introduction Techniques, J. Chro-matogr. A 794(1 - - 2), 407 435 (1998). 

In view of the excellent performance of a sampling loop as the volume-selecting element, loop-based introduction dominated during the fast development of flow injection analysis in the 1980s. Time-based introduction became popular again after the inception of sequential injection analysis and related techniques and the development of multicommutation. Nowadays, both time-based and loop-based introduction are exploited and use of an autosampler is generally advisable. 

The next chapter introduces chromatographic techniques for analyzing complex samples, whereby multiple analytes are separated on a column and detected as they emerge from the column. But very often, samples need to be cleaned up prior to introduction into the chromatographic colunm. The techniques of solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction and related techniques are very useful for isolating analytes from complex sample matrices prior to chromatographic analysis. Solvent extraction is also useful for spectrophotometric determination. 

A great step forward in polynucleotide analysis was made by Mullis [44] in 1986. This was the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which enabled multiple copies of a given DNA sequence to be readily made. This was followed by whole genome amplification (WGA) and other related techniques (Chapter 11.6). 

The introduction will give some ideas about techniques and the frame of applications addressed in this book. It will also draw boundaries to related techniques. Chap. 2 summarizes the historical backgrounds of AET and some names of the researchers being responsible for significant discoveries and improvements. Since the choice of sensors and instruments influences the quality of the recorded data, Chap. 3 is dedicated to these issues. 

Promote the teaching of hydrogen-related techniques and technology, and related socio-economic aspects, and also the introduction of hydrogen-related modules in courses on related topics. 

Cl. T. Ch ai, An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1995. 

Donaruma, L. G., and Vogl, O. (1978), Polymeric Drugs. Academic Press, New York. Chard, T. (1978). An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques. North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam. 

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