Rejections, books

Summaries of the data resourees considered useful were prepared. Useful data was defined as information that was publicly availdWe, scientifically collected, had statistical merit, and could be used for CPQRAs. A list of rejected resources was retained to identify references for supplemental reading and to avoid review duplication when the anticipated second edition of this book is developed. In total, 72 resources were accepted, and over 200 references were rejected. 

The student should not reject a book without consideration simply because it was published one or two decades ago. If it was a good book when it was published, it remains a good book. Of course, the reader of any scientific work must be aware of its publication date so as to place it in the context of current knowledge. One of the advantages of earlier books, especially in quantitative or theoretical subjects, is that their authors tend to give more expansive and detailed treatments than do later writers, and beginners in a field may benefit from the fuller description. 

In the chemical literature there are relatively few statements on the limits of our knowledge of reaction mechanisms. A notable statement was made by Bunnett in the book Investigations of Rates and Mechanisms (edited by Bernasconi, 1986, p. 361) ... one cannot expect to know or to prove a reaction mechanism in an absolute sense. The chemist can often reject conceivable mechanisms on the basis of experimental evidence and thereby narrow the field of possibilities, perhaps till only one remains. The evidence may also happen to eliminate some inconceivable possibilities, but how can one know whether there remains an inconceivable mechanism that is in full accord with the facts . .. . 

Finally, it should be noted that my best editor has been, as always, George Bertsch and that I could not have written this book without the assistance of Cynthia Wolfe, Julie Coons, Alice Calaprice, Elizabeth Morrow Edwards, and my writer friends in The Rejects. ... 

It was with that in mind that one of my postgraduate students, Guy Sapirstein, and I set out to investigate the placebo effect in depression - an investigation that I describe in the first chapter of this book, and that produced the first of a series of surprises that transformed my views about antidepressants and their role in the treatment of depression.4 In this book I invite you to share this journey in which I moved from acceptance to dissent, and finally to a thorough rejection of the conventional view of antidepressants. 

There are commercial processes for the direct upgrading of residues under high severe hydroconversion conditions. Other alternatives consider the previous hydrotreatment of the residue, so that the hydrocracking stage does not need to be so harsh. Otherwise, residue conversion could also proceed via carbon rejection methods, these processes fall out the scope of the present book and will not be considered here. However, it is important to mention than VR coking is seen as a more economical alternative than HDP, especially for the more heavy crudes, for which concentrations of metals and nitrogen would require the toughest conditions. 

Before agreeing to publish a book, the proposed table of contents is reviewed for appropriate and comprehensive coverage and for interest to the audience. Some papers may be excluded in order to better focus the book others may be added to provide comprehensiveness. When appropriate, overview or introductory chapters are added. Drafts of chapters are peer-reviewed prior to final acceptance or rejection, and manuscripts are prepared in camera-ready format. 

Elsewhere in this book, White and Sandel [7] discuss the integration of chlorine and ethylene dichloride (EDC) processes. The oxygen content of the chlorine fed to an EDC unit must be kept within the process specification. This can be achieved by liquefying at least part of the chlorine in order to reject non-condensables or by acidifying the brine fed to the cells. Oxygen results from the anodic oxidation of hydroxide ions free acid in the feed brine will neutralise those ions and so reduce the amount of oxygen formed. 

In 1930, the student Charles Coulson wrote out as the first lines of his chemistry exercise book at Clifton College in Bristol, "Physics is Chemistry. Chemistry is Physics. Laws of Conservation of energy and matter are FUND AMENT AL LAWS. Lavoisier was the first to realize this clearly." 1 Almost sixty years later, the editors of the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry announced that they had entertained the suggestion that "Chemical Physics" be added to the title of the journal but rejected it, even while recognizing, they said, that the difference between the practice of physical chemistry and chemical physics is "small indeed."2... 

By the way, the committee rejected the suggestion that risk assessment activities be institutionally separated from the risk management activities of regulatory agencies. It recognized the potential problem of the distortion of science, but proposed other, less drastic means to minimize that problem. The committee s thinking on this important matter will emerge in the later chapters of the book. 

To illustrate how improvised explosives are often related to historically rejected formulations a sampling of the anarchist literature will be utilized. The small cross section examined will consist of Guerrilla s Arsenal (GA) [8], Improvised Munitions Black Book Vol. 1 (BB1) [9], Ragnar s Homemade Detonators (RHD) [10], and FMX The Revised Black Book (FMX) [11], It should be stressed that this small cross section examined represents only a fraction of the readily available information accessible through the Internet. These examples are utilized solely to show the overlap of historical explosive formulations and current terrorist recipes. More examples of current-day usage of these improvised materials will be included in the next sections of this chapter. 

The article attracted the attention of an editor at Simon Schuster, a major book publisher, who encouraged Carson to write a book on the topic of her Atlantic Monthly artide. Carson did so, and the book. Under theSea Wind, appeared in 1941. Unfortunately, the book was published Just as World War II was beginning, and it was never a commercial success. In 1945, Carson wrote to the popular magazine Reader s Digest proposing an article about the possible risks posed by DDT. The magazine rejected her idea, but she never completely forgot about the problem. 

Before a symposium-based book is put under contract, the proposed table of contents is reviewed for appropriateness to the topic and for comprehensiveness of the collection. Some papers are excluded at this point, and others are added to round out the scope of the volume. In addition, a draft of each paper is peer-reviewed prior to final acceptance or rejection. This anonymous review process is supervised by the organiz-er(s) of the symposium, who become the editor(s) of the book. The authors then revise their papers according to the recommendations of both the reviewers and the editors, prepare camera-ready copy, and submit the final papers to the editors, who check that all necessary revisions have been made. 

Al-Razi (Rhazes, 854-925) was a Persian who studied in Baghdad. Al-Razi wrote extensively on medicine, philosophy, astronomy, and alchemy, but he was primarily a physician. Al-Razi was less mystical than his contemporary alchemists and classified chemicals by their origin. According to Al-Razi, chemicals came from either animals, plants, and minerals or were derived from other chemicals. Al-Razi wrote The Comprehensive Book, which was an enormous medical encyclopedia that synthesized medical practices of ancient Greeks, Syrians, Arabs, and Persians. Al-Razi was the first person known to describe the disease smallpox. Most of his alchemical writings have been lost, but Al-Razi believed in the atomic nature of matter. Al-Razi took a systematic approach to science and rejected the idea of divine intervention. His rational methods and descriptions were more consistent with modern science than most individuals of his time. Ali al Husayn ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980-1037) was another Persian physician whose voluminous works, including The... 

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