Reichstein substance

Names synonyms CHLOROPREDNISONE ACETATE 6a-chloropredni one acetate 6a cbloro A -pregnadien-17. 21 diol 3.11,20-trione 21-acetate. CORTICOSTERONE 11,21 dibydroxyprogesterone A -pregnene I I fi,21 -diol-3,20-dionc 11. 2 J dihydroxy-4 pregncne-3.20-dione Kendall compound B Reichstein substance H. CORTISONE 1 hydroxy-11 -dehydrocorticosterone 17a,21 -dihydroxy-4-pregnene 3,l 1.20 trione A -pregnene-17a,21 -diol 3.11.20>trione Kendall compound E Wintersteiner compound F. 

Names synonyms FLURANDRENOLONE 6 fluoro i 6s hyd roxyhyd rocori isone 16.17-acelonidc 6a-fluoro 11, 21 -dehydroxy-16s. 17 s-isopropylidenedioxy-pregna-4-ene 3, 20-dione. HYDROCORTISONE cortisol 17-hydroxycorticosterone hydrocortisone free alcohol l 0, 7s.21 trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3.20-dione 4-pregnene-11 17a, 21 lriol-3.20-dione Kendall compound F Reichstein substance M. HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE cortisol acetate hydrocort isone-21 -acetate 17-hydroxycorticosterone-21 -acetate. 

Aldosterone (aldocortene, electrocortine, oxocorti-costerone, Reichstein substance X). 

Aristolochic Acid. Rosenmund and Reichstein prepared their material from roots and rhizomes of A. Sipho. It has the formula Cj HjiO N, m.p. 275° (dec.), and forms a methyl ester, m.p. 280° (dec.), [a]n 0°, which is difficult to saponify and on. hydrogenation gives a bright yellow substance, m.p. 312°, which forms a diacetyl... 

It grew out of another discovery in the senior author s laboratory, namely, that Reichstein s compound S could be converted in high yield into 11-epicortisol (1) by the enzymes of fungi of the genus Aspergillus The conversion of this inactive substance into the hormone cortisol thus became a problem of considerable importance. A route involving the 9,11-dehydro steroid (3) readily prepared from 11-epicortisol via its 21-acetate 11-tosylate... 

Kendall s compound E Wintersteiner s compound F Reichstein s substance Fa 11-Dehydrocortisol... 

During the 1930 s, several seientists isolated eortisone among other adrenoeortieal hormones from the suprarenal glands of cattle. Kendall et al. [12-14] isolated 8 steroidal hormones (cortisone being Kendall s compound E), while Wintersteiner et al. [15,16] isolated 4 compounds (Wintersteiner s compound F was cortisone). Reichstein [17] isolated 31 substances, with his compound Fa being cortisone. Kuizenga and Cartland [ 18] isolated 5 substances, and Wettstein et al. [ 19] isolated 18 hormones. 

Common Name Aldosterone Elektrocortin Oxocorticosterone Reichstein s substance X... 

The last important steroidal hormone of the adrenal cortex to be characterized was aldosterone la. This substance was only available in minute amounts from natural sources and the determination of structure by Reichstein and his colleagues1-2 was a masterpiece of collaboration between University (Basel) and Industry (Ciba-Geigy). The masked aldehyde group at C18 is an unusual feature for a steroidal molecule and at once posed interesting problems of synthesis. There are very few natural steroids which are substituted at C18, so a partial synthesis did not, at first, seem very practical. 

DIHYDRO-l,2,3,10-TETRAMETHOXY-7-(METHYL-AMINO)-BENZO(a)HEPTALEN-9 (5H)-ONE KOL-CHAMIN KOLCHICIN KOLKAMIN METHYL-COLCHICINE N-METHYI.-N-DE.ACETYLCOLCHIC-INE N-METHYLDEMECOLCINE N-METHYL-N-DESACETYLCOLCHICINE NSC-3096 OMAIN OMAINE REICHSTEIN S F SANTAVY S SLiBSTANCE F SUBSTANCE F... 

A -cortisol prednisolone, cortisone (ban. inn] (cortisone acetate [usan] Kendall s compound E Reichstein s Substance Fa Wintersteiner s compound F NSC 9703 Cortisyl ) is a natural adrenal cortical hormone, a CORTICOSTEROID, which is converted to hydrocortisone in the liver. It has both GLUCOCORTICOID and MINERALOCORTICOID activity. It can therefore be used orally to make up for hormonal deficiency (especially mineral balance), for instance, following surgical removal of the adrenal glands. It can also be used for its ANTIINFLAMMATORY and ANTIALLERGIC properties in treating rheumatoid arthritis and in rheumatic fever therapy, cortisone acetate cortisone. 

Reichstein s Substance Fa cortisone. Reichstein s substance G adrenosterone. Reichstein s Substance M l drocortisone. Reichstein s substance Q deoxycortone. Reichstein s substance X aldosterone. 

The authors observed that an exhaustive list of all the chemicals present in coffee flavor had not yet been compiled, but they believed they had identified the components that are present at the higher ratio of weight, and those which principally control the odor note. Most of the substances identified were well-known compounds present in other roasted products as well, for instance in caramel sugar, cocoa, baked bread and—partially—even in wood tar. However, some of the chemicals detected were new and, obviously, characteristic of roasted coffee. Traces of methyl mercaptan, which was already known at that time and which smells even worse, were also detected in coffee aroma. Commenting on this observation, Reichstein and Staudinger note that it is generally known that many popular raw materials and synthetic perfume compounds owe their characteristic note, which is extremely pleasant to the olfactory sense, to their content of small quantities in additives which carry a rather unpleasant odor in themselves but prove very attractive in thinned solutions and in admixture with other oils. The authors tried to reconstitute coffee aroma, and only by combining over 40 of the substances extracted from coffee... 

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