Regulatory enzymes genes

Taken together, these results show that specific induction of several permease- as well as enzyme-genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a complex mechanism involving distinct combinations of specific and pleiotropic, positive and negative regulatory proteins (Fig. 4). 

Kavanagh, K. L., Jornvall, H., Persson, B., Oppermann, U. (2008). Medium- and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene and protein families the SDR superfamily functional and structural diversity within a family of metabolic and regulatory enzymes. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 65, 3895—3906. 

BA is a potent differentiation agent in a wide variety of cancer cells in-vivo and in-vitro [23, 24]. Butyrate has been shown to specifically affect genes regulation by transcriptional and post transcriptional modifications. It induces dose dependent differentiation and inhibits proliferation of various malignant cells types including erythroleukemia, embryonal carcinoma and colon carcinoma [25, 26]. BA induced the expression of specific differentiation-associated genes when used at concentration between 0.5-10 mM. Differentiated cells are characterized by appearance of regulatory enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase [27]. 

The effects of hormone action include changes in gene expression (e.g., increased or decreased synthesis of specific proteins, including regulatory enzymes), and activation or inactivation of preexisting enzyme molecules. 

Shimano, H., Yahagi, N., Amemiya-Kudo, M., Hasty, A. H., Osuga, J., Tamura, Y., Shionoiri, F., Iizuka, Y., Ohashi, K., Harada, K., et al. (1999) Sterol regulatory elementbinding protein-1 as akey transcription factor for nutritional induction of lipogenic enzyme genes. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35840-35844. 

Takeuchi R, Tsutsumi H, Osaki M et al. Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human alveolar epithelial cells enhances interferon regulatory factor 1 and interleukin-lbeta-converting enzyme gene expression but does not cause apoptosis. J Virol 1998 72(5) 4498-502. 

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