Regional clusters

Education levels, technology transfers and cluster creation changes of a location s education level, technology transfers of competitors demonstrating the feasibility to move production to a certain location or the emergence of regional clusters within an industry indicate the future attractiveness of potential locations. 

Let s consider structural aspect of t50 change due to introduction Z. As it is known [3, 15], for compositions HDPE+Z is observed the extreme rise of relative fraction of local order regions (clusters) cpci, that results to decrease of fractal dimension of structure df according to the equation [15] ... 

Here, g is fhe gravitational acceleration, p the density of the gas, ps the density of a particle, Ap = ps — p, and p is the gas viscosity. The is calculated as an inverse weighted average from a sieve analysis. Entrainment increases with gas velocity and viscosity, vessel diameter, and particle attrition. It decreases with increasing freeboard height and particle density. Pressure drop is nearly constant across the fluidization region. Clusters of particles can be a... 

An attempt to test this argument on a European level has been made by Offermann (2000a), who found that within countries or regional clusters with similar conditions, relatively high shares of organic farms are most likely to be found in regions unfavourable to agricultural production. 

Then the relative fraction of local order regions (clusters) cp< / have been estimated with the aid of the equation [7] ... 

In Fig. 1.4, the dependences v j(7) for polycarbonate (PC) and polyarylate (PAr) are adduced. These dependences show v, reduction at T growth, that assumes local order regions (clusters) thermofluctuational nature. Besides, on the indicated dependences two characteristic temperatures are found easily. The first from them, glass transition temperature F, defines clusters fixll decay (see also Fig. 1.1), the second corresponds to the fold on curves v j(7) and settles down on about 50 K lower T. ... 

Hence, the adduced above results shown that the main factor, influencing on molecular mobility level in HDPE noncrystalline regions, is these regions structure, characterized by fractal dimension or relative fraction of local order regions (clusters) (p j. Definite influence is exercised by molecular characteristics, especially if to take into account, that between and (p, on the one hand, and S and C, on the other hand, the close intercommunication exists (see, for the example, the Eqs. (1.11) and (1.12)). As consequence, the equations using, taking into account their structural state, will be correct for polymers dimension estimation [38]. 

In the model [98] it has been assiuned, that nucleus domain with size u is formed in defect-free part of semicrystalline polymer, that is, in crystallite. Within the frameworks of model [1] and in respect to these polymers amorphous phase structure such region is loosely packed matrix, surrounding a local order region (cluster), whose structure is close enough to defect-free polymer structure, postulated by the Flory felt model [16, 17]. In such treatment the value u can be determined as follows [43] ... 

The common fraction of the ordered regions (clusters and crystallites) can be determined aeeording to the percolation relationship [91] ... 

For the endcap region, cluster broadening will be the main effect except at very low energies. For example, a 200 MeV conversion originating 25 cm before reaching the outer endcap radius will deviate from the photon impact point by about 3 cm. However, the conversion probability must also include the drift chamber endplates and (in the backward direction) readout cards and cables. 

---