Regenerative medicine poly

Cross-linked cyclic polyacetals have been examined in recent years for use in regenerative medicine [125] in an effort to minimize the inflammatory response often caused by degradation side products (e.g., acids from polyesters). One example is the copolymer hydrogel poly[poly(ethylene glycol)-ct -cyclic-acetal] 42 (Figure 13.8). The diol 39 is prepared from trimethanol... 

Phosphorus-Based Polymers From Synthesis to Applications 12 Poly(lactic acid) Science and Technology Processing, Properties, Additives and Applications 13 Cationic Polymers in Regenerative Medicine... 

In regenerative medicine, there are various different materials suitable as implantable scaffolds. These can be fabricated from natural or synthetic materials. Common examples are polysaccharides (eg, chitosan), or polyesters (eg, poly e-caprolactone), for natural and synthetic polymers, respectively. However, they are both capable of degradation (either enzyme mediated, or hydrolysis) in vivo (Bassi et al., 2011 Cunha-Reis et al., 2007). Often, polyesters are used as implantable biodegradable biomaterials, as they have controllable degradation and mechanical properties through formation of block copolymers. Where degradation occurs, the scaffolds... 

Aydin, H.M., Kourush, S., Yilmaz, M., Turk, M., Rzayev, Z., Piskin, E., 2012. The catalyst assisted two stage synthesis of poly(glycerolco-sebacate-co-e-capiolactone) elastomers as potential tissue engineering materials. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 

K.M. Park, K.S. Ko, Y.K. Joung, H. Shin, K.D. Park, In situ cross-linkable gelatin-poly(ethylene glycol)-tyramine hydrogel via enzyme-mediated reaction for tissue regenerative medicine, J. Mater. Chem. 21 (2011) 13180-13187. 

One of the major classes of synthetic bioresorbable polymers is that of aliphatic polyesters or poly(a-hydroxy acids). Poly(a-hydroxy acids) such as PGA, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) stereoisomers poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid), and pol-y(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymers are the most widely used and most popular bioresorbable polymers since they received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for clinical use in humans in different forms (eg, fibers for sutures, injectable forms) (Nair and Laurencin, 2007). These polymers are commonly used in regenerative medicine applications. An example is the InQu Bone Graft Extender Substitute (ISTO Technologies), an osteoconductive biosynthetic product used as bone graft substitute in the skeletal system to support new bone formation. The resorption rate of... 

Semi-IPN based on collagen and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-diethylene glycol diacrylate) [15] Norfloxacin Membrane Tissue engineering, regenerative medicine of the skin... 

Scaffolds with intrinsically interconnected porous structures are highly desirable in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Three-dimensional polymer scaffolds with highly interconnected porous structures could be fabricated by thermally induced phase separation using novel synthesized biodegradable poly(propylene fumarate)-co-poly(/-lactic acid) in a dioxane/water binary system (18). 

McKeon-Fischer, K., Freeman, J., 2011. Characterization of electrospun poly (L-lactide) and gold nanoparticle composite scaffolds for skeletal mnscle tissne engineering. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 5, 560-568 (December 2010). 

Henke, M., Baumer, J., Blunk, T., Tessmar, J., 2014. Foamed oUgo(poly(ethylene glycoljfuma-rate) hydrogels as versatile prefabricated scaffolds for tissue engineering. Journal of Tissne Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 8, 248-252. 

Salgado, A. J., Ohveira, J. M., Pirraco, R. P. et al. 2010. Carboxymethylchitosan/poly(amidoamine) dendrimer nanoparticles in central nervous systems-regenerative medicine Effects on neuron/glial cell viability and internalization efficiency. Macromol Biosci 10 1130M 0. 

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