Regeneration testing

These data were obtained by mixing the SOx additive with a low alumina cracking catalyst and steaming at 1400°F in 100% steam in a fixed bed for 5 hours. The concentration of additive was adjusted so that the initial activity was approximately the same for all materials. (The amounts were the same as those used for the regenerability test.) The SO2 removal ability was then measured before and after steaming and the % loss calculated. The average deviation was 7%. 

The filter was a porous alumino-silicate 29 mm OD and 13 mm ID tube (Goodfellow) with a porosity of 45% and a mean pore size of 90 pm. The BET specific surface area was 0.7 mVg. For the catalytic regeneration tests the filter was impregnated with aqueous solution of the salts used for the preparation of the catalyst 137AA, then dried at 393 K and calcined at 973 K overnight. In the uncatalysed regeneration the filter was used as received. 

Regeneration tests of BS or CB-330 covered filters, impregnated or not with catalyst, were performed by temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) tests in the quartz flow reactor similar to that described above with 35 mm OD. As in the case of the reactivity tests, the carbon oxidation rate and the filter regeneration degree (Xr) were calculated from the concentrations of carbon oxides in the reactor outlet gas. Air flow was 500 Ncm /min. 

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out on catalysed and uncatalysed filters before and after the regeneration tests. 

The differences in reactivity between the filter supported catalyst and the alumina supported catalyst could be due to a lower intrinsic cataljdic activity or a less effective carbon-catalyst contact. In the case of the alumina supported catalyst an intimate carbon-catalyst contact was insured through pounding of the two components in a mortar (reactivity tests), while a relatively loose carbon-catalyst contact resulting from the natural deposition of soot particles hy filtration from a gas flow (regeneration tests) was achieved in the case of the filter supported catalyst. 

The development of the limestone (as well as the lime-based) dual alkali technology began in the early seventies with laboratory batch regeneration tests (1). These tests confirmed the potential of limestone to regenerate sodium-based scrubbing solutions. 

The metal deficient solutions (CIL and RIL barren) were mixed and used for bromine regeneration testing. The target concentration of bromine to be produced continuously during electrolysis was 15 g/L. Initially, the electrolysis was ran in a batch mode until the target bromine concentration was reached. Afterwards, the feed solution was pumped to the cell and the electrolysis was run in continuous mode. The feed flow rate was carefully set to ensure a constant bromine concentration of 15 g/L in the product solution emerging from the cell. The data are presented in Table 16. 

Based upon the catalyst characterization, the activity test without the feed of oxygen and the regeneration test, the deactivation mechanism of the present reaction system can be illustrated in Fig. 6. The reaction mainly occurs on the basis of the redox cycle of chromium oxide on the catalyst surface. 

Under dynamic conditions the breakthrough of some colored bodies takes place rather soon, possibly that of the most hydrophiUc or most voluminous fractions of melanoidins. However, even the last portion of 150 mL cultural liquid percolated through 3g of the biporous sorbent shows a 70% degree of clarification here the dynamic sorption capacity achieves a very high value of 670 mg/g. Of several regeneration tests, the best results were achieved when using mixtures of sodium hydroxide solution with isopropanol 3—5 bed volumes were found to be sufficient to regenerate the sorbent comprehensively. Three consequent cycles of sorption-desorption do not deteriorate the performance of the hypercrosslinked Styrosorb IBP. 

The novel process proposed here (RFSL) involves regeneration of the ferric ion using SO2/O2 mixtures. The regeneration can be effected directly during the leach (in-situ process), or in a separate vessel on a clear liquor (ex-situ process). In-situ regeneration tests indicated a 33% absolute increase in zinc extraction in 6 hours under otherwise similar conditions. Ex-situ regeneration of ferric sulphate was successful and proceeded according to a well establi ed mechanism. 

Pilot facility for MGD and conventional solvent regeneration testing... 

Due to their structural and material properties, wall flow type cordierite honeycomb filters DPF have good features such as high trapping efficiency, high soot accumulation capability relative to small volume, and high thermal shock resistance [2]. Hence, cordierite honeycomb DPFs have been tested in city buses and utility vehicles in Furope and the United States to reduce toxic particulate matter from diesel engine emissions [9-10]. In this section, structure, material properties in relation to soot accumulation, and some regeneration test results of DPF are described. 

To make comparison of absorption and regeneration test results possible, the data are thus represented The y-axis represents the ratio of the H2S concentration monitored beyond and at the inlet of the reactor. If all H2S had absorbed, the ratio equals zero, if no H2S had absorbed the ratio equals one. The x-axis represents the actual absorption time per gram of absorbent, divided by the calculated theoretical absorption time at 100% efficiency. The metal sulfides used to calculate this theoretical time are FeS and M0S2. 

In other experiments, internodes were cut free of the entire rest of the plant and regeneration tested in these isolated stem pieces. lAA added to the apical end of such an excised older internode increased sieve-tube regeneration over the controls (LaMotte and Jacobs 1963, Thompson and Jacobs 1966). The dose-response curve of apically applied lAA, as it affected both tracheary and sieve cells, is shown in Fig. 4.9 with no externally added lAA, a small number of sieve-tube cells but no tracheary cells regenerated as the lAA level was increased, more vascular cells of both types regenerated (Thompson and Jacobs... 

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