Regeneration Blood vessels

Collagen film and sponge Salmon Optimal skin wound regeneration Blood vessels formation stimulated Fibroblast proliferation enhanced Shen et al. (2008) and Matsumoto et al. (2011)... 

Rich, M.H., Lee, M.K., Baek, K., Jeong, J.H., Kim, D.H., Millet, L.J., Bashir, R., Kong, H., 2014. Material-mediated proangiogenic factor release pattern modulates quality of regenerated blood vessels. J. Control. Release 196, 363-369. 

Synthetic blood vessels and patches for soft tissue regeneration surgical sutures for use in vascular, cardiac, general surgery and orthopaedic procedures. .. 

After acute mild insult the nonciliated cells proliferate and the epithelium regenerates to normal. In the airways, nonciliated basal cells are the main proliferating population. In the bronchioles, the Clara cell is the main precursor cell for regeneration. Because of the delicate nature of the respiratory tract epithelium and the close proximity of subepithelial blood vessels, an inflammatory response occurs to all but the mildest form of injury. Many lesions are therefore diagnosed as rhinitis, tracheitis, and bronchiolitis and qualified as acute, subacute, and chronic depending on the stage of the response. 

The use of synthetic polymers in medicine and biotechnology is a subject of wide interest. Polymers are used in replacement blood vessels, heart valves, blood pumps, dialysis membranes, intraocular lenses, tissue regeneration platforms, surgical sutures, and in a variety of targeted, controlled drug delivery devices. Poly(organosiloxanes) have been used for many years as inert prostheses and heart valves. Biomedical materials based on polyphosphazenes are being considered for nearly all the uses mentioned above. 

Dacron, however, continues to he the most popular material used in the production of artificial blood vessels. When first used with experimental animals, treated Dacron appeared to induce the regeneration of interior walls of blood vessels (called neointima) in essentially the same way as the natural process. When implanted into humans, however, the same treated Dacron has a somewhat different effect, resulting instead in the formation of a thin (about 1 mm thick) layer of fibrin (or a pseudointima) on the inner lining of the blood vessel. While this thin layer of fibrin is of relatively modest concern in larger blood vessels, it can be a serious problem in vessels less than 5 mm in diameter. In such cases, fibroblasts from the blood stream attach themselves to the fibrin, and the blood vessel gradually becomes blocked. 

Implantation-related acute inflammatory reactions are usually caused by neutrophil adsorption onto the surfaces of synthetic implants, which is mostly intermediated by the strong promoters of Csa and Leukotrienc B4 etc. Monocytes in blood circulation are also prone to adsorb to the sites of blood vessel defects or endothelium regeneration. With the stimulation by miscellaneous activating factors in serum, monocytes tend to differentiate into macrophages [M0] and become one of the major participators for host chronic inflammation. 

Although the liver consists of several cell types present which are vital for its function - endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, bile ductular cells, connective tissue cells, nerve cells, and the phagocytic Kupffer cells - the hepatocytes constitute 80% of the cytoplasmic mass and carry out the liver s characteristic metabolic and synthetic functions. These cells are essential for life and have an extraordinary capacity to regenerate and flexibly respond to varying metabolic demands. Indeed, they are unrivaled in their functional diversity, complexity, and flexibility. 

After a deep peel, the body takes 4-6 weeks" to regenerate a structurally normal skin. During these 6 weeks, the skin appears very red, as the many newly formed blood vessels are showing through an incomplete, thinned and pale epidermis. Six weeks is usually the minimum time that erythema lasts after a phenol peel. After this time, inflammation may persist and the skin can still appear red for several more months. 

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