Refraction coefficients

Clausius-Mossotti equation). In this expression, V designates the mole volume and Ae, Be, Cf,... are the first, second, third,... virial dielectric coefficients. A similar expansion exists for the refractive index, n, which is related to the (frequency dependent) dielectric constant as n2 = e (Lorentz-Lorenz equation, [87]). The second virial dielectric coefficient Be may be considered the sum of an orientational and a polarization term, Be = B0r + Bpo, arising from binary interactions, while the second virial refractive coefficient is given by just the polarization term, B = Bpo at high enough frequencies, the orientational component falls off to small values and the difference Be — B may be considered a measurement of the interaction-induced dipole moments [73],... 

Numerous investigations have noted the instability of the physicochemical characteristics of Al(OR)3—the first members of the homologous series, which can display varied physical states, m.p., density, vapor pressure (hysteresis on measurement), viscosity, refraction coefficient, solubility in alcohols, and so... 

Equations (3.9), (3.12), and (3.16) are sufficient to calculate the reflection and refraction coefficients for a stratified structure of thin films. In writing the phase factors, 8(,... 

It should be pointed out that the NBF equivalent thickness hw is 7.6 nm while after Cei,cr, hw = 8.1 nm. The small difference in NBF thickness cannot be treated quantitatively but is an indications that there is no free aqueous core in the NBF. Assuming the three-layer film structure, refraction coefficient of tetradecane ri = 1.43, and, refraction coefficient of water, m = 1.33, on the basis of X-ray diffraction, neutron scattering and NMR data [289], we obtain hi = 1.6 nm. Hence, h2 = 3.8 nm and the total film thickness h2 + 2h equals 7.0 nm. This value is close to the results obtained by a completely different method for the thickness of two hydrated dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine monolayers - 6.8 nm, reported by Marra [290]. 

A completely different behaviour exhibit NBF from NaDoS solutions. They do not change their thickness with pa and Cei alterations. However, their properties depend on the composition of the initial surfactant solution (see 0(Cei) and ta(Cei) dependences in Section 3.4.1.1). The thickness of NBF determined from h(Cei) dependence is approximately equal to the doubled thickness of the adsorption layer as assumed by Perrin [318]. This is confirmed by NBF obtained from other surfactants. It should be bom in mind that the interferometric technique employed to measure film thickness gives directly the optical difference in the path of the beams reflected by the two film surfaces. When the thickness is calculated from optical measurements a refractive coefficient, being a function of film structure, should be chosen (see Sections 2.1.3 and 3.4.1). 

Mo and Qq e the linear refractive index and absorption coefficient, respectively ( 2) y is the nonlinear refraction coefficient, while (3 is the nonlinear absorption coefficient. By developing the relation between the electric displacement and the electric field and neglecting the terms proportional to ff, one easily obtains the link between these coefficients and the complex third-order nonlinear susceptibility,... 

The sign and magnitude of the resulting thermal nonlinear refraction coefficient (which is, actually, a pure linear effect [219]) depend on the thermo-optical coefficient 9 /9r of the material. This coefficient has sometimes been assimilated to the one of the surrounding host only [132, 218], but we have recently shown that, due to local field enhancement at the SPR, they can be very different - even for weakly concentrated media exactly as for the pure electronic nonlinear properties as demonstrated in Section 3.2.4. Moreover, an absorptive thermo-optical effect, which is always disregarded in the literature, can occur parallel to the refractive one. These conclusions will be published soon. 

Since the Mueller matrices in Eq. (7) interrelate flux densities that are not conserved, in practical ray tracing, energy conservation is established by renormalizing the refraction coefficients in T so that... 

Table I. Two photon absorption coefficients (P) and nonlinear refractive coefficients (n2) for PDA solutions from z-scan measurements at 532 nm (near...

Near resonant z-scan studies provide both nonlinear refractive coefficients, ni, and two photon absorption coefficients, p. Results for a selection of PDAs in solution at 532 nm are given in Table 1. Diethylamino-PDA (lid) and the related quatemized polymer (15a) show comparable magnitudes of nonlinear absorption and refraction to those of poly-4-BCMU, with figures of merit, T, which satisfy the requirement for nonlinear optical switching devices. The metal-containing PDAs... 

Estimate the refractive coefficient of AI2O3 using the information that the mineral anda-lusite, Al2Si05, has a density of 3150 kg m and a refractive index of 1.639. The refractive coefficient of Si02 is 0.21. 

Schottky defects, formation enthalpy 77 lithium oxide, Li20 refractive coefficient 446 lodestone 134 Lucite 174 lutetium... 

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