Adiabatic transfers

AU = Aq + dw. The pAV term relates to expansion work and the T dS term relates to the adiabatic transfer of heat energy. 

Fig. 8-31. Transfer reacdons of redox electrons and holes via sin face states (1) exothermic election capture at surface states c d, (2) adiabatic transfer of electrons from surface states to oxidant particles, (3) exothermic hole capture at sui> face states, (4) adiabatic transfer of holes from surface states to reductant particles.

For reference purposes, we consider first adiabatic population transfer in a subset of three states decoupled from the full manifold of states. This adiabatic transfer can be driven by STIRAP. The subset of states we consider consists of 1200000), 1300000) and 200020), and the population transfer is from 200000) to 1200020). In the following paragraph, we refer to these states as 11), 5 ), and 6), respectively. We note that state 210011) with energy 5658.1828 cm is nearly degenerate with state 1200020) with energy 5651.5617 cm . We refer to 1210011) as state 9). Since the transition moment coupling states 11) and 6) is one order of... 

We have examined two assisted adiabatic transfer schemes designed to control the dynamical evolution of a quantum many-body system. That control is achieved by active manipulation with external fields that work cooperatively with coherence and interference effects embedded in the system quantum dynamics. The schemes we have discussed are a small subset of the many that have been proposed to induce complete transfer of population from an arbitrary initial state to a selected target state of a system, yet they illuminate the generic character of the... 

By contrast, changes in the barrier height Ay with q account for the same form of the length dependence as in the case of adiabatic transfer. 

The question of facile electron transfer over many bond distances in biological systems appears still to be open. Just how strong the coupling is between metal ions suitably disposed with respect to the hydrogen bond system of a protein or as mediated by 7r— r interactions is difficult to calculate. It may turn out to be strong enough to allow even adiabatic transfer over distances of the order of 20 A. 

Larsson, S. (1981) Electron transfer in chemical and biological systems orbital rules for non-adiabatic transfer. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 103, 4034 4040. 

To begin, we consider an adiabatic transfer which corresponds to a strong coupling limit between the initial and final channel ion states. The ion is located in a well at 0 on the chain axis. We need to find the rate of transfer of the ion to a neighboring site one well away. In formal terms, the rate constant for the transfer is [59,60]... 

AS less than unity for nonadiabatic and greater than unity for adiabatic transfer. Three systems are discussed in which one might anticipate adiabatic electron transfer at van-der-Waals contact (1) the heterogeneous adsorption system of crystal and adsorbed dye, (2) the homogeneous analog-system comprised of the crystal melt and the dissolved dye, and (3) the capped porphyrin system. 

With the reaction rate Tfthe population of the para-Hj Sj. state is transferred to the S o. state ofthe final product. From there the population is adiabatically transferred to the j8a) state of the final product, resulting in a selective population ofthis level (adapted from Bowers et al. [56]). 

T. Esslinger, F. Sander, M. WeidemuUer, A. Hammerich, T.W. Hansch, Subrecoil laser cooling with adiabatic transfer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 2432. 

S. Kulin, B. Saubamea, E. Peik, J. LawaU, M. Leduc, C. Cohen-Tannoudji, Coherent manipulation of atomic wave packets by adiabatic transfer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 4185. 

Figure 1 Temperature vs. Time for O Figure 2 Determination of the global Experimental temperature, Adiabatic transference coefficient, U =U/Cp in a...

The theory of transfer has been developed by Gershtein (1963). He has shown that at small distances between pp and a heavier nucleus Z, the ground state of muonic hydrogen transforms into a state of a united atom pZp and the level crossing of pp and Zp makes adiabatic transfer possible in slow collisions. Gershtein s theory had an immediate success as it had predicted that muon transfer to helium cannot go this way, and a great suppression of muon transfer to helium was observed, indeed. 

As alluded to earlier, the spin-rotation interaction couples different spin states and induces spin relaxation in collisions of ground-state molecules with He atoms. Figure 4.17 shows that by increasing the electric field, it is possible to adiabatically transfer the initial pure spin state into a mixture of different spin states, thereby... 

Results of Numerical Simulations Interpretation as Adiabatic Transfer... 

RESULTS OF NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS INTERPRETATION AS ADIABATIC TRANSFER WITHIN A PHOTOASSOCIATION WINDOW... 

Finally, we must stress that the concept of the resonance window is linked to an adiabatic transfer, as will be explained in the following section (Section 7.3.3), and that a minimum intensity is required. 

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