Barrel pilot

Results of operation on the 50-barrel pilot unit are presented in Table I. Figures from the Kellogg report are shown for reference purposes, although strictly these cannot be compared with the 50-barrel-per-day results because of considerable difference in feed stock type, and because the molybdenum catalysts used were not identical. 

At a sales price of 13.00 per barrel, the value of the incremental oil produced by the TFSA was between 94,900.00 and 117,000.00. This revenue was generated at a chemical cost of between 1.93 and 3.87 per incremental barrel. Cumulative incremental oil production, shown in Figure 5, indicates that the volume of incremental oil produced reached a constant and maximum value 18 months after the pilot was started. Of the total incremental oil recovered, 37.5 % was produced in the first six months of the pilot and 81.25 % was produced by the end of the... 

With very small laboratory or pilot cyclones, some solids (large polymer beads, spherical particles, etc.) can sometimes bounce off the cyclone wall immediately across from the cyclone inlet and be deflected into the vortex. Very large particles can be found in the gas outlet stream of the cyclone with these very small cyclones and with particles that bounce. To increase cyclone efficiency with these types of solids, the cyclone barrel diameter can be increased. This increases the distance between the cyclone vortex and the wall and prevents most of the solids from bouncing back into the vortex. 

At the end of the 1970s Statoil cracked a North Sea atmospheric residue for the first time in M. W. Kellogg s circulating pilot nnit in Texas [1]. This pilot unit was qnite large, with a capacity of one barrel a day. The test in this pilot nnit was very snccess-ful and showed that North Sea atmospheric residnes were very suitable feedstocks for a residue fluid catalytic cracker, and that North Sea atmospheric residnes gave very promising prodnct yields. 

Rocket Motors (Roketto Hasshaki) are devices designed to provide propulsive power (propel or launch) to a Bomb or Rocket Projectile of an inclined trough or barrel called Launchers One of such Rocket Motors is described and illustrated in the book of Tantum Hoffschmidt (Ref 7, p 172) under the title Rocket Launcher and Rocket Motor Model 10 . It is briefly described here under Rocket Launchers. They are also described in Ref 2, pp 120-1 Another Rocket Mortar (Type 4 Mk 1) is described here under ROCKET BOMBS as a device used to propel Baka Piloted Rocket Bomb (Ref 2, p 118)... 

The Standard Oil Development Co. has been active in the field of Fluid hydroforming, and the results obtained in general parallel those presented by the authors of the previous paper. Data are presented on the operation of a 50-barrel-per-day large scale Fluid hydroforming pilot plant. 

In 1979, because of a lack of large samples, boiler fuel test programs will be limited to small scale equipment. However, in 1980, large samples of liquids in the 5,000-10,000 barrel range should become availabel from the H-Coal pilot plant at Catlettsburg, Kentucky and the Exxon Donor Solvent process at Baytown, Texas. It would be preferable to run a number of tests utilizing different utility sites and types of electric generation... 

Pilot plant development was carried out to provide data for process and engineering design as well as economic evaluations. The pilot plant also served to provide active carbon for research and evaluation studies. The major pieces of equipment used to carry out the pilot plant process development are depicted in their flow sequence in Figure 2. Since it was decided at the onset to concentrate on studying each process step rather than being distracted by materials flow problems, there was no actual continuous flow of material from one piece of equipment to another. Each operation was carried out and studied independently. Any material produced was stored in sealed barrels or drums and was moved to the next operation when needed. Moreover, the outputs of the various pieces of equipment were different. In terms of pounds of active carbon per hour, outputs ranged from 25 to 110. 

An oil of a heating value of about 35,200 BTU/kg can be obtained by reaction of wood waste for 1 hr with syngas, a catalyst, a temperature of 750°F, and a pressure of 5000 psi. The feasibility of the process has been tested in a pilot plant in Albany, Oregon, based on laboratory work conducted at the U.S. Bureau of Mines. So far, it has been determined that a barrel of oil equivalent to No. 6 bunker fuel can be produced from about 405 kg of wood chips.40... 

In August 1948, Kellogg s Engineering Department undertook a design and cost study for a 6,000-barrel-per-day Synthol plant to be erected on the United States Gulf Coast. A memorandum by Johnson provided the design basis and compared this with results obtained from the 4-inch pilot plant (see table). 

CANMET has a pilot-scaled emulsion-treatment plant (Figure B.l) available to industry for pilot-scaled investigation of heavy-oil-bitumen separation from oil-field-produced waters. This facility is designed to process emulsions at a throughput between 130 L/h (20 barrels per day) and 460 L/h (70 barrels per day) for raw bitumen-oil of API gravity between 8 and 15 (i.e., density between 1014 and 966 kg/m, respectively). 

In 1930, Houdry affiliated with the Vacuum Oil Company and moved to the United States (51). Several pilot plants, ranging in size from 20 to 200 barrels/day, were built and operated (341). In 1933, Houdry joined the Sun Oil Company, and the Houdry Process Corporation was organized. Socony-Vacuum rejoined the development in 1935. With the aid of these companies, the Houdry process was developed to the commercial stage (51). Socony-Vacuum later terminated its connection with Houdry Process Corporation (17,40). 

Another measure of the success of chemical EOR is the amount of chemical injected in pounds per barrel of incremental oil produced (Ib/bbl), or tons of oil produced per ton of chemical injected, a figure often used in China to represent polymer flooding efficiency. Chang et al. (2006) reported that incremental oil recovery factors of up to 14% of the OOIP have been obtained in polymer flooding good-quaUty reservoirs, and incremental oil recovery factors of up to 25% of OOIP have been reported in ASP pilot areas. 

One natural core was used to compare the performance of waterflood (W), AP flood, and ASP flood. The recovery factors for W, AP, and ASP were 50%, 69.7%, and 86.4%, respectively. These core flood tests were history matched, and the history-matched model was extended to a real field model including alkaline consumption and chemical adsorption mechanisms. A layered heterogeneous model was set up by taking into account the pilot geological characteristics. The predicted performance is shown in Table 11.3. In the table, Ca, Cs, and Cp denote alkaline, surfactant, and polymer concentrations, respectively. After the designed PV of chemical slug was injected, water was injected until almost no oil was produced. The total injection PV for each case is shown in the table as well. The cost is the chemical cost per barrel of incremental oil produced. An exchange rate of 7 Chinese yuan per U.S. dollar was used. From... 

Although the U.S. invested heavily in demonstration and pilot projects for coal liquefaction technologies in the last 30 years, no commercial plants have been built in this country. Several demonstration facilities have been built or approved which may lead ultimately to more significant installations. Most recently, a 5,000-barrel per day plant has been approved in Gilberton, Pennsylvania using anthracite waste as a feedstock (21,22). The plant will also... 

In response to a request from the New Zealand Government, Mobil Research and Development Corporation built a four barrels per day fixed-bed pilot plant to demonstrate the feasibility of the gas-to-gasoline process. This was a major scale-up of the laboratory woik and the pilot plant performed precisely as predicted. Reports to the LFTB by Lurgi and Badger also indicated confidence that the process would scale successfully from the pilot plant to... 

A fluid bed version of the MTG process has been demonstrated successfully in an experimental 100 barrel/day plant at Wesseling, Federal Republic of Germany, and now awaits scale up to commercial application (Ref. 16). A photograph of the 100 barrel/day fluid pilot plant is shown in Figure 15. 

The Development stage need not, and in fact usually does not, require the construction of a full-scale production facility. Pilot plant is the usual approach here. The product may be real-life (e.g., a barrel of real shale oil), so that the product may... 

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