Reeling machine

The objective of reel-slitting is to convert the large parent reels (machine reels, jumbo reels) from the paper machine into suitable size rolls which can be either sent directly to the end-user, e. g. a printer, or receive further mill-internal treatment such as sheeting. 

Overflow machines (Fig. 12) may be thought of as hybrids of jets and winches. They usually feature a winch reel which, unlike the cloth-guiding roUer in a jet, is normally driven and provides motive power to the fabric. There is also some driving force on the cloth from the circulation of the Hquor through the overflow tube down which they both pass. Both pressurized and nonpressurized versions exist and are available from a large number of different makers. 

Red a. Stop buttons or electrical switches used for emergency stopping of machines. b. Emergency stop handles or bars on machines. c. Hazardous operation indicating lights on control, alarm panels, or in the installation. d. Fire protection equipment and systems (e g., fire hydrants, monitors, reels, alarms, etc.). e. Portable flammable liquid containers. f. Stop condition. g. Identification of ESD isolation valves and actuators. 

Impact polystyrene with ignition-resistant additives is used for appliance housings, such as those for television and small appliances. Structural foam impact polystyrene modified with flame-retardant additives is used for business machine housings and m furniture because of its decorability and ease of processing. Consumer electronics, such as cassettes, reels, and housings, is a fast growing area for use of polystyrenes. Medical applicatiuns include sample collectors, petri dishes, and test lubes. 

To gain maximum efficiency from a production line it is normal for the machinery upstream and downstream of the filler to ran faster than the filler and to provide accumulation between machines so that minor stoppages (for example changing the shrink-wrap reel) can be accommodated without stopping the filler. Figure 8.9 illustrates this for the factory layout shown in Figure 8.8. 

RE-USE OF BROKE AND WASTE PAPER. This is an extensive and complex area which can only be touched on here. (Broke is the term used for paper made on a machine which does not end up in the finished reel edge trims, waste at reel changes etc.). Examples of relevant factors are ... 

Depending on the length of the film reel, modem machines need between 30 min and 2 h per reel to complete these steps. Process rates depend on the method of metallization (e.g. sputtering or thermal evaporation) and the substrate, and also on the desired metal film thickness and, last but not least, the required quality. Typical process rates for metallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film are given in Table 8.1. 

Until recently the printing processes have tended to be limited, i.e. flexographic, rotary letterpress (four colours), with gravure (occasionally). The labels are produced in accurate register on the backing paper—on reel-fed machines, printing, punching and removal of trim are carried out as a continuous operation (platens are also used.)... 

Reel-fed. Like reel-fed labels, but with no backing paper. They are both guillotined and folded on the cartoning machine. Claimed to be more secure than all other types of leaflet. 

The other parameter of lightweight paper to be considered is the porosity of the chosen paper. This is because many cartoning machines use a vacuum type of pickup for the leaflet no matter in what form it may be presented to the cartoning machine. Even so-called reel-fed leaflets have to be cut, picked and moved through folding plates up to the insertion point into the carton. For this reason both specification of paper porosity to air and pick tests (to keep down the amount of lint or dust) are sensible. 

Polyethylene, as LDPE, LLDPE or a mixture or blend involving combinations of LDPE, MDPE, HDPE, EVA, etc., finds a wide usage in bags, sacks, sachets, overwraps, shrink wraps, stretch wraps, etc. Most deep freeze packs, for example, use LDPE or an LDPE mixture which is produced from a reel on a form fill seal type machine. However, as many of these packs are up to 100% printed, even ink of 2-5 Pm could be considered as a separate layer which modifies some of the physical and chemical properties. As all polyolefins need a surface (oxidative) treatment to ensure a good print key, this or any other surface treatment process may further modify the film properties. 

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