Reduction of lipids

Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the hypocholesterolemic effect of GA (Annison et al., 1995 Tiss et al., 2001). Some studies have suggested that the viscosity of fermentable dietary fiber contributes substantially to the reduction of lipids in animals and humans (Gallaher et al., 1993 Moundras et al., 1994). However, other studies suggested that this property is not related to plasma lipids (Evans et al., 1992). The mechanism involved is clearly linked to increased bile acid excretion and fecal neutral sterol or a modification of digestion and absorption of lipids (Moundras et al., 1994). 

Numerous studies demonstrated that lipid peroxidation significantly decreased in cancer cells and tissues (Ref. [176] and references therein). It has been proposed that this can be a consequence of a decrease in the content of highly unsaturated fatty acids, the concentration of cytochrome p-450, and the contents of NADPH, SOD, and catalase in tumors. Cheeseman et al. [176] suggested that the reduction of lipid peroxidation in tumors may depend on both the expression of malignant transformation and cell division. It should be mentioned that Boyd and McGuire [177] demonstrated that there is a correlation between lipid peroxidation and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. 

P-450 is also able to catalyse reductive reactions. Thus if the enzyme becomes activated in the absence of substrate it can react as an oxidase, reducing oxygen to superoxide, peroxide and water. Whether such an uncoupled reaction can occur in vivo, however, is not clear [219], At low concentrations of oxygen, P-450 can act as a reductase. Thus it is able to initiate lipid peroxidation either directly via reduction of lipid hydroperoxides or via reducing CCI4 to CHCI3 [217],... 

Hence, in products from D to I, which were the supernatants obtained after dilution, decantation, and centrifugation of previous products, respectively, significant drops in protein and lipid levels were observed in comparison with the initial product composition (Table 21.12). Only samples H and I had a protein level different from the other samples (Table 21.12). The decrease of protein content was of 9% and 8%, respectively, for these products. This suggests that a part of the protein in the supernatants has precipitated. This could be explained by their lower ionic strength (conductivity of 0.4—0.8 mS/cm). Products D, E, F, and G had similar protein contents. In a general manner, the acidification by EDBM followed by a dilution resulted in the preservation of more than 90% of the protein present initially. For the fat content, the more important decrease was observed for products E and F with a respective reduction of their lipid contents of 73% and 66%. In second position are products H and I with 49% and 45% respective reduction of lipids levels (Table 21.12). These different precipitation levels might be explained by the initial fat contents of the products. Effectively, products E and F obtained from samples B and C contained between 0.72% and 0.78% of fat while products H and 1 obtained from products Bi and Ci have fat levels between 0.47% and 0.55%. Samples dilution following the EDBM step resulted in a reduction of lipids from 0.78% to 0.21%, a decrease of nearly 73% of initial content in WPC lipids. It also resulted in clarified supernatants with a low level in hpids and with the majority of the proteins present initially. 

Pearce, R.J., Marshall, S.C., and Dunkerley, J.A., Reduction of lipids in whey protein concentrates hy microflltration—effect on functional properties, in New Applications of Membrane Processes, Special Issue 9201, International Dairy Federation, Brussels, Belgium, 1991, 118. 

P. T. Roller, SR. Bergmann, Reduction of lipid peroxidation in reperfused isolated rabbit hearts by diltiazem, Circ Res 65, 838-45 (1989). 

Water treatment Reduction of lipid absorption Production of single cell protein Antigastritis agent Infant food ingredient Recovery of metal ions, pesticides, phenols, and PCBs Removal of dyes, radioisotopes... 

The results obtained showed an increased in vitro ATP production at the cellular level, accompanied by the in vivo improvanent in hydration and skin barrier action, as well as the simultaneous reduction of lipid peroxides. These results showed how these particular types of cosmetic emulsions can be used to improve the condition of xerotic skin as well as skin damaged by photoaging (Morganti et al. 2008b,c). 

The testing lipid systems significantly altered the reaction of the free radical DPPH with LA and CLA isomers, as evidenced by the differences in response between the liposomal (Fig. 10.8-10.12) and ethanol phases (Fig. 10.13). In the ethanol solution of PC(e yolk) (nonstructural PC system), incorporation of 5 mol% PC with LA or CLA isomers resulted in the reduction of lipid peroxidation (Fig. 

Gamer, B., Waldeck, A.R.,Witting, P.K., Rye, K-A. and Stocker, R. Oxidation of high density lipoproteins II. Evidence for direct reduction of lipid hydroperoxides by methionine lesidnes of apolipoproteins AI and AIL J. Biol. Chem. 273, 6088-6095 (1998). 

Previously we presented a model for the known physiologic effects of rl0,cl2 CLA on adipocytes (Fig. 14.1) (2). As indicated (Fig. 14.1), a major effect of fl0,cl2 CLA is the reduction of lipid uptake by adipocytes. We hypothesized (2) that this reduction was due in part to the inhibition of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Although the importance of inhibiting... 

LPL would appear to be obvious, it has remained less clear how inhibiting SCD should necessarily result in a reduction of lipid accumulation in adipocytes. 

Reduction of Lipids with Lithium Aluminium Hydride [181]... 

Chitathione pcragdilase catalyzes the reduction of lipid peroxidases (oxidants) to lipid alcohols. 

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