Reduced instruction set computing

RISC reduced instruction set computing RTD resistance temperature detector... 

A typical use of such methodology is in the various forms of GNG machining. GNG (computer numeric control) refers to the use of reduced-instruction-set computers to control the mechanical operation of machines. GNG lathes and mills are two common applications of the technology. In the traditional use of a lathe, a human operator adjusts all of the working parameters such as spindle rotation speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, through an order of op>-erations that is designed to produce a finished piece... 

Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) Processors... 

Reduced instruction set computer (RISC) A design style where instructions are implemented for only the most frequently executed operations addressing modes are limited to registers and special load/store modes to memory. 

RISC Reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a type of microprocessor architecture that utilizes a small, highly-optimized set of instructions in one cycle execution time. So, RISC processors have clock per cycle instruction. A few characteristic features shall include but are not limited to ... 

Reduced instructions set computer (RISC) This class... 

Most recent minicomputer enhancements are attributable to technology improvements, breakthroughs in compiler design, and significant improvements to the processor architecture. The minicomputer of 2000 evolved with technological advances such as evolution from the Complicated Instruction Set Computer (CISC) to the Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), pipelining,... 

RISC processor Reduced instruction set computer processor. A processor with an instruction set that is small compared to that of the earlier complex instmction set processors. Presently, apart from the Intel IA-32-like processors, virtually only RISC processors are built. 

In RISC (reduced instruction set computer) research, an efficient technique has been proposed to enhance the utilization of both function units and buses. Fig 3 shows the timing diagram of such an architecture. Data transfer operations (read or write) and function unit operations are performed in parallel during each control step. Therefore, the clock period is reduced to rr ax top, U + ))- However, this gain in speed is not free. Note that for each operation its three micro-operations are performed across three consecutive control steps. In order to hold the operands across the step boundary, a latch is needed in every input/output port of every function unit. 

The mid-range workstations offer 10 to 15 MIPS performance, with numeric processing at 1 to 2 MFLOPS, drawing rates of 200,000 to 400,0(X) v/s and 20,000 p/s. Their higher performance arises from so-call RISC architecture (Reduced Instruction Set CPU), which allow the computer to perform fewer tasks per CPU instruction. They also utilize faster, proprietary graphics display processors and larger display memory, which allows more colors and multiple windows. These units cost between 30,000 and 70,000, and they probably make up the bulk of recent CAMD woikstation purchases. They are suitable for solid model display and manipulation of small molecules, and wireframe and dot-surface display of macromolecules. Molecular mechanics and dynamics calcinations on small molecules and ensembles can be run in batch mode on these machines, and the results can be displayed and manipulated interactively. 

The case study processor used in this work is based in the Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages (MIPS) architecture. It has a standard processor architecture based on the Reduced Instraction Set Computing (RISC) instmction set. The basic idea behind RISC is to use simple instructions, which enable easier pipelining and larger caches, while increasing its performance. The MIPS architecture can be seen since 1985 in commercial applications, from workstations to Windows CE devices, routers, gateways and PlayStation gaming devices. 

The requirement for a simple instruction set was primarily motivated by the desire to observe the primitive operations of neural algorithms. Initial experimentation with various instruction sets indicated that the use of a reduced instruction set numbering around 8-12 instructions can satisfy most of the computational requirements of neural models. 

The transputer s advantage in speed relative to common computer operations has also been boosted by reducing the number of basic instruction sets available to the programmer. This aspect is discussed next. 

The first two rows of Table 1 make readily apparent the poor suitability of both ST0-3G and 3-21G for H-bonds the intermolecular R(00) distance is some 0.2 A too short. The 6-31G(d) set (also known as 6-31G" ) contains a better representation of the inner shells as well as polarization functions on O. The SCF distance of 2.971 A computed with this basis set is a substantial improvement over those from the smaller basis sets, STO-3G and 3-21G. Further improvements in the basis set make relatively minor changes in this distance. For example, addition of p-functions to H elongates the bond by 0.009 A, whereas augmentation of O by -f- functions (a diffuse sp-shell) reduces the distance by 0.007 A. It is instructive to note that the latter two effects are not additive. That is, one might naively expect a net bond elongation of 0.002 A to result from incorporation of both H p-functions and O -F functions by addition of the two latter effects. However, the 6-31 -F G(d,p) R (OO) distance reported in Table 1 is 2.988 A, 0.017 A longer than the 6-31G(d) value. 

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