Reduce Cycle Time

The need to optimise conditions to allow a maximum rate of crystallisation and thus reduce cycle times. The maximum rate of crystallisation is reported to be at about 55-60°C, which, interestingly, is significantly closer to the Tg than the (see Section 3.3). 

Select measures that address the benefits expected from the integration project, such as reduced cycle times or number of hours spent on PSM and ESH management. 

To date, with the exception of vehicle tires, TPEs have been replacing TS rubbers in virtually all applications. Unlike natural TS rubbers, most TPEs can be reground and reused, thereby reducing overall cost. There are types where the need to vulcanize them is eliminated, reducing cycle times, and products can be molded to tighter tolerances. Most TPEs can be colored, whereas natural rubber is available only in black. TPEs also weigh 10 to 40% less than natural rubber (166). 

Early integration of material modification, product application, and process optimization. This integration reduces cycle time and up-front risk. Today s fast-moving markets cannot accommodate a 20-year development cycle and still ensure commercial success. Concurrent engineering with discovery and manufacturing is required to be a leader. 

The different areas outlined above for scale-up considerations all provide approaches to reducing cycle time and maximizing throughput ... 

One interesting concept mentioned in the literature to reduce cycle time is that of backflushing.60 In this method, the column flow is reversed just after the product of interest has eluted. After a delay time, the next injection is made at the opposite end of the column from the first. This is designed to minimize the time spent eluting strongly retained contaminants. 

To facilitate and accelerate folding and crystallization of polymer chains, internal plasticizers are often added to PET to serve as crystallation promoters. Such additives are usually based on poly(ether ester)s. These plasticizers are liquids that are typically added at levels of 2-4 wt%. They reduce cycle time in injection moulding operations by increasing the rate of crystalline formation. They also plasticize the resin and act as processing aids by virtue of their lubricating action in the melt. On a molecular level, these plasticizers reduce the intermolecular... 

The principal role of the CRO is to contribute to the enhancement of the financial performance of its customers (Table 21.1). Improvement in the efficiency of their clients product development activities provides benefits to regulators, physicians and their patients. These include reduced cycle time, availability of external capacity, increased quality of trial management, and higher quality clinical data, all of which can result in lower labor costs. In late stage peri-approval trials, CROs may also play a role in developing safety profiles in large patient populations that are exposed to a new product after it is approved for manufacture and sale. Such trials can also assist the revenue growth of a new product. 

Increased external capacity Reduced cycle time Accelerating the learning curve Economies of scale Rapid go / no-go decisions Innovation... 

The injection moulding process for producing a microcellular crosslinked EVA has several advantages over the conventional compression moulding process reduced cycle time, labour and scrap. The presence of skin adds aesthetic value and ability to engrave logos in one step. However, the injection moulding process has... 

Ideally the ADME/Tox screening laboratory service vould be set up to fiexibly offer choice in the screening strategy that best fits the current campaign circumstances. It vould also provide real-time data feedback both to enable researchers to use the critical information to make decisions on further testing and to reduce cycle times by eliminating compounds midcampaign [6]. 

J. M. Utterbach and M. H. Meier, "Reducing Cycle Times", Industrial Research Institute Fall Meeting, Williamsburg, Va., Oct. 23—26,1994. 

Gerecke, G, and Knight, T, Improving performance and reducing cycle time using flow path management A case study, Pharm. Eng. 21. 

Reducing Cycle Time with Stacked Injections (Case of Isocratic Eluents) For chromatographic separations performed using isocratic eluents (i.e., whose composition does not change over time), once the injected amount has been increased to its ophmal value, eluent consumption can then be reduced by stacking... 

Nucleants. Although nylons crystallize quickly, it is often an advantage, particularly for small parts, to accelerate this process to reduce cycle time and increase productivity. Nylon-6, which crystallizes more slowly than nylon-6,6, also benefits from nudeation in unreinforced formulations. Nucleants are generally fine-particle-size solids or materials that crystallize as fine particles before the nylon. The materials, eg, finely dispersed silicas or talc, seed the molten nylon and result in a higher density of small uniformly sized spherulites in nylon-6 the crystalline form is also changed. Nudeation increases tensile strength and stiffness but makes the material more britde. Mold shrinkage is lower for nudeated resins. 

There are two types of issues involved in reducing the cycle time of the innovation process marketing issues and technical issues. These must be addressed differently. Marketing issues involve the identification of unmet needs by the customer, and technical issues are related to the capability to deliver. Techniques that reduce cycle time include the following ... 

Venkat Venkatasubramanian I would like to comment on structured invention and innovation linked to reduced cycle time. I want to draw a distinction between the two kinds of inventions or discoveries, what I call structural and parametric changes. For example, you can go from A to B by car or by plane. These are two completely different modes of transportation. I would call them structural changes. The invention of the plane would be a structural change. Once the Wright Brothers created their plane, coming up with the Boeing 747 in my view is a parametric change. That is, you have the basic structure, but you try to optimize it for speed, efficiency, and so on. 

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