Rectus abdominis muscle

Figure 2. Potency of anatoxin-a analogs to induce contracture in frog rectus abdominis muscle. The data from two experiments are combined in this figure. In one, anatoxinmethylester was found to be equipo-tent with carbamylcholine. In the other, the anatoxin isomers were assayed against ACh [after cholinesterse inhibition by diisopropylfluoro-phosphate (DFP) followed by washing of the preparation] (19). Maximal contracture was measured by depolarization with KCl at the end of each experiment.

FIGURE 1.2 (Upper) Concentration-response relationship for the action of acetylcholine in causing contraction of the frog rectus abdominis muscle. The curve has been drawn using Eq. (1.4). (Lower) Hill plots for the action of acetylcholine on frog ventricle (curve I) and rectus abdominis (curve II). (From Clark, A. J., J. Physiol., 61, 530-547, 1926.)... 

Xavier, E and Valle, J.R., 1963 Synergism of cholinesterase inhibitors tdth acetylcholine on toad rectus abdominis muscle. Acta Physiol Lat. Amer. 13 282-289. 

Radiation recall consists of inflammatory reactions triggered by cytotoxic drugs in previously irradiated areas most are skin reactions. Gemcitabine has been implicated in several cases. The authors of a literature review discovered 12 cases of radiation recall caused by gemcitabine and reported a case of myositis in the rectus abdominis muscle of a patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma as an effect of radiation recall (23). Most of the cases had inflammation of internal organs or tissues and 30% had dermatitis or mucositis. This is different from the effect of other agents that commonly cause radiation recall (anthracyclines and taxanes), with which 63% are skin reactions. Compared with anthracyclines and taxanes, the interval from the completion of radiation therapy to the start of chemotherapy is less with gemcitabine (median time 56 days, compared with 218 days for the taxanes and 646 days for doxorubicin). 

Muscarinic activities are tested on the guinea pig longitudinal ileal muscle in all cases except acetyl-p-methylcholine, vdiidi is tested on the circular muscle from fundus cf rabbit stomach. Nicotinic activities are tested on the frog rectus abdominis muscle. 

The TGF-/J isoforms are powerful inducers of endochondral bone when implanted in the rectus abdominis muscle of the primate Papio ursinus at doses of 1, 5, and 25 gg per 100 mg of collagenous matrix as carrier, yielding large corticalized ossicles by day 90 (Figs. 4 and 5). Endochondral bone initiated by TGF-y3 isoforms expresses mRNA of bone induction markers including BMP-3 and OP-1 [55-57]. 

A significant striking result is that the bone-inductive activity of TGF-y3 isoforms in the primate is site- and tissue-specific with rather substantial endochondral bone induction in the rectus abdominis muscle but absent osteoinductivity in orthotopic sites on day 30 and limited osteogenesis in orthotopic sites on day 90 (Fig. 4). 

At a concentration of 1 x aceclidine increased the contractions of the isolated rectus abdominis muscle of the frog caused by acetylcholine. In contrast to acetylcholine aceclidine is not destroyed by cholinesterase [122]. 

Oxylidine decreased (at a concentration of 1 x 10 to 1 x 10 ) the spasmogenic effect produced by acetylcholine on the isolated rabbit intestine. At the same concentration it reduced or removed the contractions of the frog s rectus abdominis muscle caused by acetylcholine. These data showed that oxylidine displays both muscarinolytic and nicotinolytic activity which can only be... 

The most active of the nicotine-like compounds (LXXVI c) caused contractions of the rectus abdominis muscle of the frog at a concentration of 4 X10" . When administered intravenously to anaesthetized cats it produced, starting at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, a pressor response and apnoe followed by a strong stimulation of the respiration, and contraction of the nictitating membrane. The lethal dose was 5 mg/kg. The action upon blood pressure, respiration and the nictitating... 

The rectus abdominis muscle is deficient and widely separated. The umbilicusislowsetandanomphalocele can frequently be observed (Currarino et al. 1993). Inguinal hernias are present in up to 20% of patients, boys being more affected than girls (Connolly et al. 1995). In the later course an incidence of inguinal hernias between 65% and 82% can be expected for males, with rates between 11% and 15% for females (Connolly et al. 1995 Husmann et al. 1990). 

R N-ChR Frog rectus abdominis muscle N-ChR Pressor effect atropinized cat M-ChR Rabbit intestine ... 

Good biocompatibility was found [82] for WZ21 implanted in Gottingen minipigs in the liver, lesser omentum, rectus abdominis muscle and subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall. There was homogeneous degradation and only limited gas formation. 

Lehman GJ, McGill SM (2001) Quantification of the differences in electromyogrphic activity magnitude between the upper and lower portion of the rectus abdominis muscle during selected trunk exercises. Physical Therapy 81(5) 1096-1101. 

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