Rectum

Theory and Equipment. Many diseases of the human body can be identified by visual appearance. Tumors in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, for example, possess a characteristic salmon pink color (3). The presence of such a color can be an indication of disease. Endoscopy is the medical imaging tool used to detect such colors in the inside of hoUow internal organs such as the rectum, urethra, urinary bladder, stomach, colon, etc. An endoscope is the instmment used to perform endoscopy. Endoscopic imaging involves the production of a tme color picture of the inside of the human body using lenses and either hoUow pipes, a fiber optic bundle, or a smaU CCD camera. AU three use a large field-of-view, sometimes referred to as a fish eye, lens to aUow a 180° field of view. 

Rectum. Local treatment of conditions and diseases of the rectum, including hemorrhoids and local inflammation, usually involves dmg-containing suppositories or enemas. 

Uracil is used more effectively, in nucleic acid synthesis within a rat hepatoma than in normal liver. This observation appears to have stimulated the synthesis of 5-fluorouracil (1027) as an antimetabolite mainly because the introduction of a fluorine atom involves a minimal increase in size. In the event, 5-fluorouracil did prove to have antineoplastic activity and it is now a valuable drug for treatment of tumors of the breast, colon or rectum, and to a lesser extent, gastric, hepatic, pancreatic, uterine, ovarian and bladder carcinomas. As with other drugs which interfere with DNA synthesis, the therapeutic index is quite low and great care is required during treatment (69MI21301). 

Darm, m. gut, intestine. — blinder —, caeeum. — dicker —, colon. — dilnner —, small intestine. — gerader —, rectum- — langer —, ileum. — leerer —, jejunum. 

Human GAL1 receptor mRNA has been detected in multiple cell and tissue samples including Bowes melanoma cells, brain, gastrointestinal tract (from esophagus to rectum), heart, prostate, and testes. Rat GAL1 mRNA was detected in olfactory regions, many hypothalamic nuclei (including supraoptic nucleus),... 

Solids (eg, suppositories), liquids, or foams inserted into the rectum... 

Suppositories insert 1 high in the rectum and retain 15 min rectal liquid insert all the liquid into rectum toward the navel 10-60 mL7d PO... 

Mesalamine—Swallow tablets whole do not chew them. For the suppository, remove foil wrapper and immediately insert tiie pointed end into the rectum without using force. For tiie suspension form, instructions are included with the product. Shake well, remove the protective sheath from the applicator tip, and gently insert the tip into the rectum. Partially intact tablets may be found in the stool if this occurs, notify the primary health care provider. 

Corticosteroid intrarectal foam, hydrocortisone acetate intrarectal foam Cortifoam Adjunctive therapy in treatment of ulcerative proctitis of the distal portion of the rectum Local pain or burning, rectal bleeding, apparent exacerbations or sensitivity reactions 1 applicatorful once or twice daily for 2 wk and every second day thereafter... 

Colon-rectum vegetables moderately consistent vegetables convincing vegetables moderately to weakly consistent... 

FREUDENHEIM J L, GRAHAM S, MARSHALL J R, HAUGHEY B P, CHOLEWINSKI S and WILKINSON G (1991) Folate intake and carcinogenesis of the colon and rectum ,20, 368-74. 

Reductive dechlorination in combination with the elimination of chloride has been demonstrated in a strain of Clostridium rectum (Ohisa et al. 1982) y-hexachlorocyclohexene formed 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and y-l,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexene formed 1,4-dichlorobenzene (Figure 7.69). It was suggested that this reductive dechlorination is coupled to the synthesis of ATP, and this possibility has been clearly demonstrated during the dehalogenation of 3-chlorobenzoate coupled to the oxidation of formate in Desulfomonile tiedjei (Mohn and Tiedje 1991). Combined reduction and elimination has also been demonstrated in methanogenic cultures that transform 1,2-dibromoethane to ethene and 1,2-dibromoethene to ethyne (Belay and Daniels 1987). 

Ohisa N, M Yamaguchi, N Kurihara (1980) Lindane degradation by cell-free extracts of Clostridium rectum. Arch Microbiol 125 221-225. 

Roediger, W.E.W., Lawson, M.J. and Radcliife, B.C. (1990). Nitrite from inflammatory cells - cancer risk factor in ulcerative colitis Dis. Colon Rectum 33, 1034-1036. 

The inflammatory process within the GI tract is limited to the colon and rectum in patients with UC (Fig. 16-1). Most patients with UC have involvement of the rectum (proctitis) or both the... 

Mesalamine Rowasa Enema 4 g/60 mL 4g Distal left colon and rectum... 

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