Recovery from mine solutions using

What factor is used to give preferential recovery of potassium chloride from a solution mined underground mineral mixture of potassium chloride and sodium chloride, and how does this operate ... 

Most of the world s production of iodine comes from the saltpeter deposits in Chile and natural brines in Japan. In Chile, calcium iodate is found in caliche deposits extracted from open pit mines in the Atacama Desert. Applying an alkaline solution to the caliche yields sodium iodate and iodine is obtained from the sodium iodate by reduction with sulfur dioxide. In Japan, iodine is a by-product of the production of natural gas, which is extracted from brine deposits a mile or two below ground. Iodine is recovered from the brines by one of the following two methods. In the blowout process elemental iodine is liberated as a result of the reaction of chlorine with sodium iodide in the brines. Elemental iodine is blown out of the brine with air and then purified in subsequent reaction steps. The second method, ion exchange, involves recovery of dissolved iodine from oxidized brines using anion-exchange resins packed in columns. In 2010, Chile produced 18 000 metric tons of iodine, compared to Japan s output of 9800 metric tons. Chile has reserves of 9 million metric tons, some 60% of the world s total reserves of iodine [10],... 

Even not recognized as such, the galvanic displacement deposition of noble metals such as Au or Ag onto Fe, Zn, Cu, or similar substrates is known since the times of early Mediterranean cultures and, possibly, before. In the sixteenth century, the recovery of copper from copper mine waters by contacting dilute process streams with iron scrap was successfully achieved [2]. Since that time, many different galvanic displacement deposition processes have been developed. Examples used on industrial scale include application of aluminum, iron, or zinc powders for the removal of copper, silver, gold, or other noble metals from waste solutions. Similar approaches are used for the solution purification in hydrometallurgical plants, electronics, electrochemical experiments, etc. 

The first commercial reagents were aU based on ketoxime functionality and were used exclusively for copper extraction for over a decade after the first full-scale application at Bluebird Ranchers Mine, Arizona, in 1968 (Arbiter and Fletcher 1994). Today, ketoximes are still successfully used in niche applications for the recovery of copper from dilute leach liquors and also find applications in nickel SX from ammoniacal solutions and in precious metal refining (see Sections S.3.3.3 and 5.3.6.2). Particular applications of ketoximes in copper production are at El Tesoro and Lomas Bayas in the Atacama Desert of Chile, where the leach liquors of circuits often contain high... 

A relatively small number of commercial operations, such as those of the SEC Corporation at El Paso, Texas,162 and of the Nippon Mining Company at Hitachi, Japan,163 use ort/io-hydroxy-oximes for the recovery of nickel. In the SEC Corporation process, the aqueous feed solution consists of a crystallizer discharge stream from a local copper refinery, and contains about 70 g of copper... 

Litchman and Upton [192] reported the determination of triethyla-mine in streptomycin sulfate and in methacycline hydrochloride to levels as low as 0.05%. A weighed sample was treated with 1M sodium hydroxide solution at 60°C for 1 hr. A headspace sample was manually withdrawn and analyzed on a polystyrene column at 160°C using a flame-ionization detector. The levels of triethylamine found ranged from 0.15% to 0.36% for streptomycin sulfate and from 0.06% to 0.13% for methacycline hydrochloride. Recoveries were better than 94%. The precision of the determination, based on five replicate weighings of sample, was 2% for streptomycin sulfate and 5% for methacycline hydrochloride. 

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