Reciprocal accountability

Leadership and reciprocal accountability between front-line staff and management... 

Leaders who accept responsibility for safety take into account what is rep>orted and provide resources to the fixtnt fine to reduce risk. This is known as reciprocal accountability. It is not passive acknowledgment but active, visible leadership. 

Reciprocal accountability, therefore, is the shared responsibility of front-line staff (at the sharp end) and management (at the blunt end) to interact for the sake of increased understanding and improved safety. Reciprocal accountability is based on trust. Managers trust that individuals at the sharp end will call out errors, failures, risks, and hazards, and individuals at the sharp end must trust that the organization s management will listen and take action without retribution or blame. 

The concept of reciprocal accountability includes the leader s accountability for creating a just culture. In a just culture, the leader draws a clear boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Individual malfeasance, impairment, illegal acts, intentional violation of known standards or procedures, disruptive or abusive behaviors, and the inability to learn over time are aU incompatible with... 

Designing management and governance structures in which patient safety is an explicit assignment, and where there is an experience of reciprocal accountability... 

Reciprocal accountability is a construct based on trust. The term denotes the shared responsibility of front-line staff and management to interact in the interest of improving safety. 

Reciprocal accountability. Senior leaders made investments and changes in infrastructure as necessary, when front-line workers identified a need for change at the point of care. 

Reciprocal accountability—Between line staff and leadership. 

SmA phases, and SmA and SmC phases, meet tlie line of discontinuous transitions between tire N and SmC phase. The latter transition is first order due to fluctuations of SmC order, which are continuously degenerate, being concentrated on two rings in reciprocal space ratlier tlian two points in tire case of tire N-SmA transition [18,19 and 20], Because tire NAC point corresponds to the meeting of lines of continuous and discontinuous transitions it is an example of a Lifshitz point (a precise definition of tliis critical point is provided in [18,19 and 20]). The NAC point and associated transitions between tire tliree phases are described by tire Chen-Lubensky model [97], which is able to account for tire topology of tire experimental phase diagram. In tire vicinity of tire NAC point, universal behaviour is predicted and observed experimentally [20]. 

The question of determination of the phase of a field (classical or quantal, as of a wave function) from the modulus (absolute value) of the field along a real parameter (for which alone experimental determination is possible) is known as the phase problem [28]. (True also in crystallography.) The reciprocal relations derived in Section III represent a formal scheme for the determination of phase given the modulus, and vice versa. The physical basis of these singular integral relations was described in [147] and in several companion articles in that volume a more recent account can be found in [148]. Thus, the reciprocal relations in the time domain provide, under certain conditions of analyticity, solutions to the phase problem. For electromagnetic fields, these were derived in [120,149,150] and reviewed in [28,148]. Matter or Schrodinger waves were... 

The form factor f takes the directional dependence of scattering horn a spherical body of finite size into account. The reciprocal distance s depends on the scattering angle and the wavelength A as given by Eq. (23). 

Iditional importance is that the vibrational modes are dependent upon the reciprocal e vector k. As with calculations of the electronic structure of periodic lattices these cal-ions are usually performed by selecting a suitable set of points from within the Brillouin. For periodic solids it is necessary to take this periodicity into account the effect on the id-derivative matrix is that each element x] needs to be multiplied by the phase factor k-r y). A phonon dispersion curve indicates how the phonon frequencies vary over tlie luin zone, an example being shown in Figure 5.37. The phonon density of states is ariation in the number of frequencies as a function of frequency. A purely transverse ition is one where the displacement of the atoms is perpendicular to the direction of on of the wave in a pmely longitudinal vibration tlie atomic displacements are in the ition of the wave motion. Such motions can be observed in simple systems (e.g. those contain just one or two atoms per unit cell) but for general three-dimensional lattices of the vibrations are a mixture of transverse and longitudinal motions, the exceptions... 

Several steps can be taken to maximize the run time for the reciprocating compressor. Since wear is a function of rubbing speed, the piston speed can be kept to a minimum. Chapter 3 made recommendations for piston speed. Reliability problems due to valves are reputed to account tor 40% of the maintenance cost of the compressor. Valves are the single largest cause for unplanned shutdowns. Basically, valve life can he increased by keeping the speed of the compressor as low as practical. At 360 rpm, the valves are operated six times a second. At 1,200 rpm, ihc valves operate 20 times a second or 1,728,000 times in a day. It is not difficult to understand why the valves are considered critical. To keep the reliability in mind, valve type, material selection and application considerations such as volume ratio, gas corrosiveness, and gas cleanliness need attention by the experts. One final note is that while lubrication is an asset to the rubbing parts, it is not necessarily good for valve reliability. 

It has been shown that for acrylic, glass-filled nylon and methyl pentene there is reasonable correlation between the reciprocal of the stress concentration factor, K, and impact strength. However, for PVC good correlation could only be achieved if the finite dimensions of the sample were taken into account in the calculation of stress concentration factor. 

The fundamental characteristics of compression are the same for centrifugal and reciprocating compressors. The manner in which these fundamentals are interpreted must be adapted to the particular machine type and operating characteristics, and this accounts for the difference in design procedures. 

In 1996 the present writer offered the students a study of the 1-butanol/1-pentanol/cyclohexanol mixture using Scheffe s plan (mixture plan) which used a standard experimental matrix offered by LUMIERE software. The substance choice takes into account the limited possibilities of the Setaflash apparatus, the low toxicity of the chosen substances and their reciprocal chemical inertia. These had been... 

It is not usual to talk about the resistance of electrolytes, but rather about their conductance. The specific conductance (K) of an electrolyte is defined as the reciprocal of the resistance of a part of the electrolyte, 1 cm in length and 1 cm2 in cross-sectional area. It depends only on the ions present and, therefore it varies with their concentration. To take the effect of concentration into account, a function called the equivalent conductance, A, is defined. This is more commonly (and conveniently) used than the specific conductance to compare quantitatively the conductivities of electrolytes. The equivalent conductance A is the conductance of that volume of the electrolyte which contains one gram equivalent of the ions taking part in the electrolysis and which is held between parallel electrodes 1 cm apart (units ohm-1 cm4). If V cubic centimeters is the volume of the solution containing one gram equivalent, then the value of L will be 1 cm and the value of A will be V square centimeters, so that... 

Using the valence profiles of the 10 measured directions per sample it is now possible to reconstruct as a first step the Ml three-dimensional momentum space density. According to the Fourier Bessel method [8] one starts with the calculation of the Fourier transform of the Compton profiles which is the reciprocal form factor B(z) in the direction of the scattering vector q. The Ml B(r) function is then expanded in terms of cubic lattice harmonics up to the 12th order, which is to take into account the first 6 terms in the series expansion. These expansion coefficients can be determined by a least square fit to the 10 experimental B(z) curves. Then the inverse Fourier transform of the expanded B(r) function corresponds to a series expansion of the momentum density, whose coefficients can be calculated from the coefficients of the B(r) expansion. 

We start from a complete map / (512, 3) and take into account that in 3D reciprocal space each pixel in this 2D map is representative for many pixels arranged on (half58) a ring of iso-intensity. Frequently the sought isotropic analysis method is not... 

The Y-intercept ( 3 /k Eq. 13) of the reciprocal correlation for the photolysis of diazirine 21-C1 in TME was 2.18, which translated into a 68% incursion of diazirine excited state in the genesis of the rearrangement products, 22-C1 and 23-C1 carbene 17-C1 only accounted for 32% of these products.28 A similar conclusion followed from the ratio of rearr/addn (68 32) at a high concentration (6.7 M) of TME in pentane, where carbene 17-C1 was almost completely diverted to the cyclopropane, and 22 and 23 were exclusively derived from the excited diazirine.28... 

The reciprocal lattice model as derived above is the basis for many different variants. For simplicity we have assumed the interactions between the next nearest neighbours A+ -B+ andC- I) to be independent of composition, even though experiments have shown that this is often not the case. It is relatively simple to introduce parameters which allow the interaction energy, for example between A+ and B+, to depend on the concentration of C and D [14], One may also include other terms that take into account excess enthalpies that are asymmetric with regard to composition and the effects of temperature and pressure. 

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