Receptor tools

Table 2 Peptidic opioid receptor tool compounds.

Betancur, C., Azzi, M., Rostene, W. Nonpeptide antagonists of neuropeptide receptors tools for research and therapy, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1997, 18, 372-383. 

Constitutively Active Viral Chemokine Receptors Tools for Immune Subversion and Pathogenesis... 

P-Endorphin. A peptide corresponding to the 31 C-terminal amino acids of P-LPH was first discovered in camel pituitary tissue (10). This substance is P-endorphin, which exerts a potent analgesic effect by binding to cell surface receptors in the central nervous system. The sequence of P-endorphin is well conserved across species for the first 25 N-terminal amino acids. Opiates derived from plant sources, eg, heroin, morphine, opium, etc, exert their actions by interacting with the P-endorphin receptor. On a molar basis, this peptide has approximately five times the potency of morphine. Both P-endorphin and ACTH ate cosecreted from the pituitary gland. Whereas the physiologic importance of P-endorphin release into the systemic circulation is not certain, this molecule clearly has been shown to be an important neurotransmitter within the central nervous system. Endorphin has been invaluable as a research tool, but has not been clinically useful due to the avadabihty of plant-derived opiates. 

The grouping of receptors oa the basis of sequeace homology has beea easiest ia the case of those receptor classes where pharmacological tools have eaabled the elucidatioa of fuactioa coasisteat with stmcture. 

CP 55940 (79) and nabilone (80) are synthetic ligands for the cannabiaoid receptor. However, the identification of the eicosanoid, anandamide (81), as an endogenous cannabimimetic has provided an important tool to study cannabiaoid receptor function. 

Spider Silk. Spider silks function ki prey capture, reproduction, and as vibration receptors, safety lines, and dispersion tools. Spider silks are synthesized ki glands located ki the abdomen and spun through a series of orifices (spinnerets). The types and nature of the various silks are diverse and depend on the type of spider (2). Some general categories of silks and the glands responsible for thek production are Hsted in Table 1. 

Receptor models are powerful tools for source apportionment of particulates because a vast amount of particulate species characterization data have been collected at many sampling sites worldwide, and because many aerosol species are primary pollutants. Most of the information available is for elemental concentrations, eg, lead, nickel, and alurninum, although more recent measurements have provided data on concentrations of ionic species and carbonaceous compounds. At a sampling (or receptor) site, the aerosol mass concentration of each species i is... 

Both receptor and analytical air quahty models have proven to be powerful tools for understanding atmospheric pollutant dynamics and for determining the impact of sources on air quahty. 

We have seen here that these simple methods which only rely upon the optimal use of molecular graphics tools can address highly specific receptor-ligand interactions. 

Central tendency, 226-227 Chemical genomics, 178 Chemical tools, in target-based drug discovery, 178-179 Chemokine C receptor type 1, 133 Chemokine receptors, 6, 44, 53, 129, 132, 177... 

Tang Herbal, 147 Target-based drug discovery biological targets, 180-184 chemical end point in, 180 chemical tools, 178-179 definition of, 5 description of, 175-177 linear approach, 176 orphan receptors, 180 preclinical process in, 176-177 random variation in gene expression, 178... 

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