Reality transfer

To answer the question, What was perceived we must consider both the possibility that the relevant stimuli were of internal origin and the possibility that the stimuli originated externally to the subject. In the discussion that follows, the assumption of internal stimuli and the possible explanations of suggestion, projection, dreaming, and hypnagogic state will be taken up first, followed by a consideration of the hypotheses of sensory translation and reality transfer. Then, assuming external stimuli, the hypothesis of perceptual expansion will be presented. 

The experimental data and clinical examples cited above warrant the hypothesis that there is a specific ego function that bestows the quality of reality on the contents of experience. I would like to hypothesize that this function can be influenced and that the quality of reality can be displaced, intensified, or attenuated—a process of reality transfer. In the meditation experiment, the sensory percepts are invested with this quality, resulting in the vivid, intensely real experiences reported. Why does this take place An initial speculation is that, since in the meditation experience the object world as a perceptual experience is broken down or dediffer-... 

Donor bonds are usually formed between an electronegative and electron rich non-metal atom possessing a lone pair, and a metal or semi-metal atom as a Lewis acid with an empty orbital. The electrons are still deemed to belong to the Lewis base, in full accord with the oxidation state concept. However, it is easy to understand that in reality, transfer of electron density from the Lewis base to the Lewis acid has occurred. 

Though is in reality transferred by contact to the fluidized particles, in order to easily find the new trajectory of the process it might be imagined as having been added to the inlet air of mass flow rate Mg and specific heat capacity Cp g, which would then increase its temperature from Tg i to a higher value of... 

In our simple model, the expression in A2.4.135 corresponds to the activation energy for a redox process in which only the interaction between the central ion and the ligands in the primary solvation shell is considered, and this only in the fonn of the totally synnnetrical vibration. In reality, the rate of the electron transfer reaction is also infiuenced by the motion of molecules in the outer solvation shell, as well as by other... 

We can consider the hydroboration step as though it involved borane (BH3) It sim phfies our mechanistic analysis and is at variance with reality only m matters of detail Borane is electrophilic it has a vacant 2p orbital and can accept a pair of electrons into that orbital The source of this electron pair is the rr bond of an alkene It is believed as shown m Figure 6 10 for the example of the hydroboration of 1 methylcyclopentene that the first step produces an unstable intermediate called a tt complex In this rr com plex boron and the two carbon atoms of the double bond are joined by a three center two electron bond by which we mean that three atoms share two electrons Three center two electron bonds are frequently encountered m boron chemistry The tt complex is formed by a transfer of electron density from the tt orbital of the alkene to the 2p orbital... 

Compressible fluid flow occurs between the two extremes of isothermal and adiabatic conditions. For adiabatic flow the temperature decreases (normally) for decreases in pressure, and the condition is represented by p V (k) = constant. Adiabatic flow is often assumed in short and well-insulated pipe, supporting the assumption that no heat is transferred to or from the pipe contents, except for the small heat generated by fricdon during flow. Isothermal pVa = constant temperature, and is the mechanism usually (not always) assumed for most process piping design. This is in reality close to actual conditions for many process and utility service applications. 

The statement made by Martin in 1941 contains all the necessary conditions to realize both the high efficiencies and high resolution achieved by modern LC columns. Despite his recommendations, however, it has taken nearly fifty years to bring his concepts to fruition. In the same paper Martin and Synge suggested that it would be advantageous to replace the liquid mobile phase by a gas to improve the rate of transfer between the phases and thus, enhance the separation. The recommendation was not heeded and it was left to James and Martin (5) to bring the concept to practical reality in the... 

In countries with an existing (social) health insurance system, it is usually rather simple do receive a close-to-reality estimate of the provider Costs-of-Illness. The insurance pays the bills of general practitioners, specialists, hospitals, pharmacies, laboratories, etc. so that the total costs per patient can easily be determined. However, in some countries we cannot receive this data, and sometimes confidentiality regulations do not permit the transfer of insurance data, so that, for instance, provider costs of difference phases of HIV/AIDS can be calculated. In this case, a sample of patient files has to be analyzed with permission of the patients so that the provider costs can be recorded. 

Deubel D, Loschen C, Frenking G (2005) Organometallacycles as Intermediates in Oxygen-Transfer Reactions. Reality or Fiction 12 109-144 Dixneuf PH, Derien S, Monnier F (2004) Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation 11 1-44... 

Traditionally, an average Sherwood number has been determined for different catalytic fixed-bed reactors assuming constant concentration or constant flux on the catalyst surface. In reality, the boundary condition on the surface has neither a constant concentration nor a constant flux. In addition, the Sh-number will vary locally around the catalyst particles and in time since mass transfer depends on both flow and concentration boundary layers. When external mass transfer becomes important at a high reaction rate, the concentration on the particle surface varies and affects both the reaction rate and selectivity, and consequently, the traditional models fail to predict this outcome. 

Jprgensen, K.A. and Schiptt, B. (1990) Metallaoxetanes as intermediate in oxygen-transfer reactions - reality or fiction Chemical Reviews, 90, 1483. 

Another indirect electrochemical heahng method involves the artificial kidney machine, with electrochemical regeneration of the dialysis solution. The common kidney machine is a dialyzer in which blood of the patient (who suffers from kiduey insufficiency) and a dialysis solution are pumped arouud iu two differeut loops, aud carbamide (urea), creatinine, and other metabolites are transferred by dialysis into the dialysis solution. For complete extraction of the metabolites, each hemodialysis session requires almost 200 L of this solution to be pumped through, so hemodialysis cau only be performed in a hospital setting. In machines equipped with electrochemical regeueratiou, the dialysis solutiou is ruu iu a closed loop, iucludiug au electrolyzer in which the carbamide is oxidized to nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The solution volume needed in this loop is rather small, so that portable kidney machines could become a reality. 

In Eq. (10-5), 1/Gp is the set point tracking controller. This is what we need if we install only a feedforward controller, which in reality, we seldom do.4 Under most circumstances, the change in set point is handled by a feedback control loop, and we only need to implement the second term of (10-5). The transfer function -GL/Gp is the feedforward controller (or the disturbance rejection... 

Early investigators assumed that this so-called diffusion layer was stagnant (Nernst-Whitman model), and that the concentration profile of the reacting ion was linear, with the film thickness <5N chosen to give the actual concentration gradient at the electrode. In reality, however, the thin diffusion layer is not stagnant, and the fictitious t5N is always smaller than the real mass-transfer boundary-layer thickness (Fig. 2). However, since the actual concentration profile tapers off gradually to the bulk value of the concentration, the well-defined Nernst diffusion layer thickness has retained a certain convenience in practical calculations. 

Equation (23) implies that the current density is uniformly distributed at all times. In reality, when the entire electrode has reached the limiting condition, the distribution of current is not uniform this distribution will be determined by the relative thickness of the developing concentration boundary layer along the electrode. To apply the superposition theorem to mass transfer at electrodes with a nonuniform limiting-current distribution, the local current density throughout the approach to the limiting current should be known. 

In reality, the increase of the rate of dissolution due to increasing hydrogen ion concentration should increase the overall rate over that of the dissolution via direct transfer of aluminum cation through the O/S interface discussed above. 

Fig. 21 (a) Rectification in the AR sense electron transfers occur first between electrode MD and the HOMO of the D-o-A molecule (1 ), and between the LUMO and MA (1), thus establishing the zwitterionic excited state D+-a-A , which then (2) relaxes back into the neutral state, (b) Rectification in the anti-AR sense if auto-ionization occurs first (1), forming the excited state D+-a-A by an interaction of the intense electric field and the molecule, followed by transfers to and from the electrodes (2) and (2 ), resulting in the electron passing from MD to MA. The molecular energy levels, which in reality must perforce shift dramatically during the electron transfer process, are drawn here for simplicity as if the molecule were still isolated in the gas phase ... 

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