Real-time ATR-FTIR

Figure 6. Real-time ATR-FTIR monitoring of a living IB polymerization. Reaction conditions [1B] = 2 M, [TMPCI], = 4x10 M, [TiCIJ, = 4x10 M, [D/BP]=...

Figure 13. Real-time ATR- FTIR monitoring of IB-IP copolymerization initiated by AICI3, based on the area under the 1655 cm C = C double bond stretch of the IB. ...

Investigation of High Temperature Isobutylene Polymerizations Utilizing Real-Time ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy... 

By measuring the presence of functional groups at finite depths from the crystal surface by real time ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the conversion during acrylate polymerisations was measured. By varying the film thickness, the reactivity of multiacrylates could be spatially resolved (262). The simultaneous monitoring of vinyl acetate (VA) and erucamide additive concentrations in EVA copolymers was undertaken with NIR spectroscopy using an in-line flow cell attached to an extruder (130). 

Recently, on-line FBRM, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and PLS were used to moifitor a complex crystallization system a racemic free base of a given componnd and a chiral acid. The anthors first demonstrate that the diastereomeric composition can be estimated nsing Raman spectral data, slnrry density and temperature using a PLS model. Consequently the issne of on-line slurry density prediction, which is not readily available, arises. An additional PLS model was constructed that used the ATR-FTIR spectral data to infer slurry density. Slurry density as predicted in real-time via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was fed into the aforementioned Raman, slurry density and temperatnre PLS model to yield a more accnrate estimate of the fractional solid composition of the two diastereomers. ... 

Passage of bacteria through membrane Analysis of deposits ATR, FTIR, measuring fouling in real time Measuring concentration polarization Mathematical modeling of flux decline... 

The use of infrared spectroscopy in the Earth and environmental sciences has been widespread for decades however, until development of the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technique, the primary use was ex situ material characterization (Chen and Gardella, 1998 Tejedor-Tejedor et al., 1998 Degenhardt and McQuillan, 1999 Peak et al., 1999 Wijnja and Schulthess, 1999 Aral and Sparks, 2001 Kirwan et al., 2003). For the study of environmental systems, the strength of the ATR-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique lies in its intrinsic surface sensitivity. Spectra are collected only from absorptions of an evanescent wave with a maximum penetration depth of several micrometers from the internal reflection element into the solution phase (Harrick, 1967). This short optical path length allows one to overcome any absorption due to an aqueous phase associated with the sample while maintaining a high sensitivity to species at the mineral-water interface (McQuillan, 2001). Therefore, ATR—FTIR represents a technique capable of performing in situ spectroscopic studies in real time. 

Scherzer T, Tauber A, Mehnert R. U.V. curing of pressure-sensitive adhesives studied by real-time FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Vibrational Spectroscopy. July 2002 Vol. 29(Issues 1-2) 125-131. 

Scherzer T, Decker U. Real time FTIR-ATR spectroscopy to study the kinetics of ultrafast photopolymerization reactions induced by monochromatic UV light. Vibrational Spectroscopy. April 1999 Vol. 19(Issue 2) 385-398. 

R. F. Storey, A. B. Donnalley and T. L. Maggio, Real-Time Monitoring of Carbocationic Polymerization of Isobutylene Using in Situ FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy with Conduit and Diamond-Composite Sensor Technology, Macromolecules 31 1523 (1998). 

R. F. Storey, T. L. Maggio and L. B. Brister, Synthesis of poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) block copolymers using real-time in situ ATR-FTIR monitoring, Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 40 964 (1999). 

Internal reflection spectroscopy has found great usefulness in quick qualitative identification of a wide variety of materials as it permits the spectroscopist to obtain IR spectra on many samples with little or no preparation. The application field of ATR spectroscopy covers the full range from identifying micro impurities at the surface of solids to real-time monitoring in production processes the information gained is characteristic of the top surface (0.5 to 5 /um). Typical applications of ATR-FTIR are shown in Table 1.13. 

A Bruker Equinox 55 FTIR spectrometer, equipped with an Axiom Analytical Diamond ATR Probe (DMD-270) and an external MCT mid-band detector, was used to collect infimred spectra of the polymerization components in real time. Each spectrum was an average of 8 scans, and spectra were acquired at 3.17 min intervals at a spectral resolution of 8 cm. An interval as... 

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