Lignin uses

Ammalahti, E. Brunow, G. Bardet, M. Robert, D. Kilpelainen, I. Identification of side-chain structures in a poplar lignin using three-dimensional HMQC-HOHAHA NMR spectroscopy. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998, 46, 5113-5117. 

Higmhi, T. Studies of Lignin using Isotopic Carbon X [cf. (2.5)]. Formation of Lignin from Phenylpropanoids in Tissue Culture of White Pine. Canad. J. Biochem. Physiol. 40, 31—34 (1962). 

It is well known that the structure, distribution and properties of protolignin in cell walls vary according to cell type and morphological location. This is based upon extensive studies on topochemical properties of lignin using various methods such as ultraviolet microscopic photometry (1,2), bromination-SEM-EDXA (3) and other physical or chemical analyses of isolated tissue fractions (4). 

This paper deals with a detailed analysis concerning the determination of M , Mw and MWD of lignins using respectively VPO, low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) and SEC. In addition, recent results obtained by on-line LALLS-SEC are presented. 

Table I. Titration of Kraft Lignin Using XM300 Membrane...

Symbol of Sample Symbol of Initial Product Type of Lignin Used Type of Modifying Compound Yield of Product3, g Chemical Content. P S % Cl Infrared Frequency of P-N Unit, crn l... 

The alkali lignins used were selected from different industrial origins in order to have a wide variation in their properties. The lignins were a kraft softwood, soda/AQ hardwood and soda bagasse lignin (Table II). 

Acrylated lignin derivatives are viewed as a new and promising class of functional macromers from lignin useful for the formulation of block and segmented copolymers. 

The fraction of the Sephadex eluate, which corresponded to peak B (Figure 5), contained 5% of the weight of the Bjorkman lignin used in the acidolysis experiment. We expected it to contain dimeric acidolysis products. So far, five pure compounds (XXII-XXVI) have been obtained from fraction B. 

Hydrogenation of Lignin Using Nickel and Palladium Catalysts... 

Figure 9.45 Eleven dominant phenolic monomers, yielded from the oxidation of lignin using the CuO oxidation method these compounds can be separated into four families p-hydroxyl, vanillyl (V), syringyl (S), and cinnamyl (C) phenols. (Modified from Hedges...

Fukazawa K, Imagawa H (1981) Quantitative analysis of lignin using an UV microscopic image analyzer Variation within one growth increment Wood Sci Technol 15 45-55 Fukazawa K, Imagawa H (1983) Ultraviolet and fluorescence microscopic studies of lignin 1983 Proc Int Symp Wood Pulp Chem May 23-27, 1983, Tsukuba, Japan, TAPPI I 20-23... 

Pepper JM, Supathna P (1978) Lignin and related compounds VII A study of variables affecting the hydrogenolysis of spruce wood lignin using a rhodium-on-charcoal catalyst Can J Chem 56 899-902... 

---