Ratio relations

Because the Griineisen ratio relates the isentropic pressure, P, and bulk modulus, K, to the Hugoniot pressure, P , and Hugoniot bulk modulus, K , it is a key equation of state parameter. 

Only a small amount of work has been done up to now concerning the prediction of bond strengths and other properties based on the results of the analysis of the resin. Ferg et al. [59] worked out correlation equations evaluating the chemical structures in various UF-resins with different F/U molar ratios and different types of preparation on the one hand and the achievable internal bond as well as the subsequent formaldehyde emission on the other hand. These equations are valid only for well defined series of resins. The basic aim of such experiments is the prediction of the properties of the wood-based panels based on the composition and the properties of the resins used. For this purpose various structural components are determined by means of - C NMR and their ratios related to board results. Various papers in the chemical literature describe examples of such correlations, in particular for UF, MF, MUF and PF resins [59-62]. For example one type of equation correlating the dry internal bond (IB) strength (tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the panel) of a particleboard bonded with PF adhesive resins is as follows [17]... 

Thermal diffusivity Temperature sensitivity Temperature difference Thickness of tube Aspect ratio, relation of Cp/Cy Fluid dielectric constant Wall zeta potential Dimensionless temperature Friction factor, Debye length Mean free path Dynamic viscosity Kinematic viscosity Bejan number Density... 

In the three simulations, the sulfate minerals form at mixing ratios related to their solubilities. Barite, the least soluble, forms early, when small amounts of seawater are added. The more soluble celestite forms only after the addition of somewhat larger quantities of seawater. Anhydrite, the most soluble of the minerals, forms from the Amethyst fluid at still higher ratios of seawater to formation fluid. 

In humans, cases of hepatomas have appeared years after acute exposure to carbon tetrachloride, however, none of the cases could establish a causal link between the exposure and development of neoplasms." Epidemiological studies have also given inconclusive results. A cancer mortality study of a population of rubber workers reported a significantly elevated odds ratio relating carbon tetrachloride with lymphatic leukemia, and lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell carcinoma." A recent retrospective cohort mortality study of aircraft maintenance workers found an increased risk of... 

The prolonged administration often leads to the development of a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test, with or without symptoms of a lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. If a positive ANA titer develops, assess the benefit/risk ratio related to continued procainamide therapy. 

Rate of return on investment The efficiency ratio relating profit or cash flow to investment. 

How is the stability ratio related to the interparticle interaction energy Under what conditions can it be written in Arrhenius form ... 

Figure 2. Graphical depiction of r (exponential tailing component) and a (gaus-sian component) features of an asymmetrical peak (t/a ratio related to peak skew)...

Oster, J. D and G. Sposito. 1980. The Gapon coefficient and the exchangeable sodium percentage-sodium adsorption ratio relation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44 258-260. 

Interval and ratio relations Interval and ratio relations apply more constraints of the spatial proximity metaphor than ordinal relations. In graphic displays of interval information, the distances between elements are meaningful that is, greater space corresponds to more on the relevant dimension. This is not the case for ordinal mappings. Ratio displays of information, are even more restrictive. For them, zero and the ratios of the distances are meaningful. 

The resolution of any two components, therefore, is a ratio relating the distance between the apex of the peaks and the distance between their bases. With baseline separation, the bases of the peaks do not overlap. In the absence of baseline separation, however, the apex of each peak may be separate while the bases overlap. A mathematical expression can be written to describe this... 

The influence could be minimized by evaluating the dichroic ratios related to two spectrally neighboured bands the transition moments of which are parallel to one of the molecular transverse axes each Due to the uniaxiality of the pha.se these bands should be similarly influenced, so that reliable information on D results (Korte, 1983 Dampen, 1991). To be sure about the transition moments being. strictly parallel to one of the three molecular axes, the symmetry of the molecules should be C2, or D21, (Michl and Thulstrup, 1986), what in strict sense is hardly found with mesogenic molecules. 

Profiles of carbon isotope ratios relate well to surface vegetation with some care needed to take into account carbon isotope redistribution along the flow path. 

The first attempts in this direction were based on the ceramic practice introduced by Seger. The relative amounts of the components were expressed in molar ratios (related per 1 mole of mono- and divalent oxides) while the components were divided into three groups. The composition of traditional enamels listed in Table 35 can be given as an example. The composition is theoretical, i.e. calculated from the raw material mix composition disregarding the volatilisation losses, and also without mill additions (i.e. the frit composition only). 

Similarly, two ratios relate the moles of aluminum bromide to the moles of aluminum and bromine. 

Studies assessing mercury vapor exposure have suggested various ratios relating the concentration of mercury in the air (in g/m3) to the levels of mercury in the urine (in g/L). Such estimates include 1 1 (Bell et al. 1973), 1 1.22 (Roels et al. 1987), and 1 2.5 (Lindstedt et al. 1979 Rosenman et al. 1986). Urinary metallic mercury levels ranging from 0.05 to 1.7 g/L were detected in the urine of workers exposed to mercury vapor (>0.1 mg/m3) this elemental mercury represented <1% of the inorganic mercury content of the urine (Y oshida and Yamamura 1982). With increased exposure to mercury vapor (0.47-0.67 mg/m3), the amount of elemental mercury in the urine increased. A "rough" correlation between levels of metallic mercury vapor in air and mercury levels in blood and urine was established by Rosenman et al. (1986). They associated levels of 50 g/100 mL in blood and 250 g/L in urine with a mercury level in air of approximately 0.1 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA), and 28 g/100 mL in blood and 100 g/L in urine with a TWA of 0.05 mg/m3. Roels et al. (1987) found a correlation between daily mercury vapor exposure and blood or urine mercury levels in 10 workers employed for at least 1 year at an alkaline battery plant. The mercury levels in the air and the pre- or post-workshift levels of blood and urinary mercury correlated well (r=0.79-0.86 [blood] and r=0.70-0.80 [urine]). Based on a ratio of... 

Poisson s ratio relates Young s modulus to either the shear modulus G or the bulk modulus K ... 

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