INDEX rate constant

Total number of species Equilibrium constant Kinetic energy, energy Reaction rate constant Index of dependent reactions Length, length Mass, mass... 

Scheme 5 Maltotriose degradation scheme. E, a.-amylase k, rate constmt, a prime indicates an enzyme-glycosyl complex. The G subscripts indicate the point at which they enter the degradation scheme. The steps and pathways in this scheme are referred to by rate constant index numbers. The fraction 0/EG3 degraded to EG2 via pathway 9 and via pathway 3-5-7 is fa and 1 — fa, respectively. Similarly, the fraction ofEGf degraded to E by pathway 11 and via pathway 13 15 17 is fb and 1—fb, respectively. Additional steps required to account for all of the experimental data are shown in Scheme 6...

The physical data index summarizes the quantitative data given for specific compounds in the text, tables and figures in Volumes 1-7. It does not give any actual data but includes references both to the appropriate text page and to the original literature. The structural and spectroscopic methods covered include UV, IR, Raman, microwave, MS, PES, NMR, ORD, CD, X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction, together with such quantities as dipole moment, pX a, rate constant and activation energy, and equilibrium constant. 

That is, k t/K,n is an apparent second-order rate constant ior the reaction of E and S to form product. Because A , is inversely proportional to the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate and is directly proportional to the kinetic efficiency of the enzyme, A , provides an index of the catalytic efficiency of an enzyme operating at substrate concentrations substantially below saturation amounts. 

Characteristics of attrition and adsorption were investigated to remove CO2 in fluidized hed using activated carhon, activated alumina, molecular sieve 5 A and molecular sieve 13X. For every dry sorbent, attrition mainly still occurs in the early stage of fluidization and attrition indexs(AI) of molecular sieve 5A and molecular sieve 13X were higher than those of activated carbon and activated alumina. Percentage loss of adsorption capacity of molecular sieve 5A and molecular 13X were 14.5% and 13.5%, but that of activated carbon and activated alumina were 8.3% and 8.1%, respectively. Overall attrition rate constant (Ka) of activated alumina and activated carbon were lower than other sorbents. 

E I is a kinetic chimera Kj and kt are the constants characterizing the inactivation process kt is the first-order rate constant for inactivation at infinite inhibitor concentration and K, is the counterpart of the Michaelis constant. The k,/K, ratio is an index of the inhibitory potency. The parameters K, and k, are determined by analyzing the data obtained by using the incubation method or the progress curve method. In the incubation method, the pseudo-first-order constants /cobs are determined from the slopes of the semilogarithmic plots of remaining enzyme activity... 

FI = continued product where any term is defined as equal to 1 when the index takes a forbidden value, i.e., i = 1 in the numerator or m = j in the denominator X = summation where any term is defined as equal to zero when the index j takes a forbidden value, i.e., j = 1 ky, kji = first-order intercompartmental transfer rate constants Eh Em = sum of exit rate constants from compartments i or m n = number of driving force compartments in the disposition model, i.e., compartments having exit rate constants... 

Thus, E is defined as the product of the energy transfer rate constant, ku and the fluorescence lifetime, xDA, of the donor experiencing quenching by the acceptor. The other quantities in Eq. (12.1) are the DA separation, rDA the DA overlap integral, / the refractive index of the transfer medium, n the orientation factor, k2 the normalized (to unit area) donor emission spectrum, (2) the acceptor extinction coefficient, eA(k) and the unperturbed donor quantum yield, QD. 

We now focus our attention on the presence of the unperturbed donor quantum yield, Qd, in the definition of R60 [Eq. (12.1)]. We have pointed out previously [1, 2] that xd appears both in the numerator and denominator of kt and, therefore, cancels out. In fact, xo is absent from the more fundamental expression representing the essence of the Forster relationship, namely the ratio of the rate of energy transfer, kt, to the radiative rate constant, kf [Eq. (12.3)]. Thus, this quantity can be expressed in the form of a simplified Forster constant we denote as rc. We propose that ro is better suited to FRET measurements based on acceptor ( donor) properties in that it avoids the arbitrary introduction into the definition of Ra of a quantity (i />) that can vary from one position to another in an unknown and indeterminate manner (for example due to changes in refractive index, [3]), and thereby bypasses the requirement for an estimation of E [Eq. (12.1)]. 

From the kinetic point of view SPR experiments have the advantage that both the association and dissociation processes can be measured from the two phases in one sensogram. However, it is possible for artifacts to arise from refractive index mismatch during the buffer change and, for this reason, in general the initial parts of the association and dissociation phases are excluded from the kinetic analysis.73 When multiexponential decays are observed it is important to distinguish between kinetics related to the chemistry and potential artifacts, such as conformational changes of the bound reactant or effects due to mass transport limitations.73,75 The upper limit of detectable association rate constants has been estimated to be on the order of... 

Another example of the use of transition state pKa values has been provided by Pollack (1978). From the rate constants for the decarboxylation of substituted a,a-dimethylbenzoylacetic acids ([37] — [38]) and their anions, he calculated pK for reaction of the acids (Table A6.2). The values vary significantly with the phenyl substituent (p = +1.7), much more so than the p/(a values of the substrate acids (p = +0.2). This difference is consistent with the proton being much closer to the phenyl group in the transition state than in the initial state, and it may even denote a relatively late transition state (Pollack, 1978). However, from the pKa values of the reactant acids (approximately 3.4), the transition states (approximately 4.4), and the enol product (11.8) (Pruszynski et al., 1986), the Leffler index... 

Dispersion of the radiative rate constant by local variations of the refractive index at the solid/gas interface. This could explain the tailing of the decay curves even at very low loadings, with lifetime components that are two to three times as long as the intrinsic radiative lifetimes in solution/85 This could also explain the disappearance... 

These expressions appear more applieable to nonpolar solvents or mixtures than to polar solvents. The nature of the solvation process (and the radii and so forth of the solvated reactants) may stay approximately constant in the first situation but almost certainly will not in the seeond. The function (E>op A ) features in the reorganisation term Xq which is used for estimating rate constants for redox reactions (Eqn. 5.23). is the optical dielectric constant and Dj the static dielectric constant (= refractive index ). 

R.M. (1981) Introduction of constraint index as a diagnostic test for shape selectivity using cracking rate constants for n-hexane and 3-methylpentane. 

Ke equilibrium constant kr, rate constant Rf rate of flow, tR, retention time Vg speolflo retention volume I, retention index, B, binding S, solvation R, reactivity ct, charge transfer. 

A unitless ratio of rate constants that serves as an index or measure of an enzyme s ability to promote catalysis as opposed to releasing its substrate before catalysis can occur. Consider the following scheme ... 

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) M Mass-induced refractive index change in real time for direct measurement of association and dissociation rate constants... 

For polymerizations carried out to high conversions where the concentrations of propagating centers, monomer, and transfer agent as well as rate constants change, the polydispersity index increases considerably. Relatively broad molecular-weight distributions are generally encountered in cationic polymerizations. 

Rate Constants for 02 Reduction on Low-Index Single-Crystal Electrodes in... 

Index Compound Powder Code Rate Constant (mg/g oil/day) 2 r... 

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