Promoters of catalysis

I. Metcalfe, Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis I Thermodynamic considerations, J. Catal. 199,247-258 (2001). 

The electrochemical activation of catalysis, or electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC), or electrochemical promotion, or NEMCA is an exciting phenomenon at the interface of catalysis and electrochemistry. 

Electrochemical promotion of catalysis definition, 10 limits of, 180, 505 mechanism of, 189, 271 modeling of, 315, 503 origin, 189... 

Thus, there is a great deal of substance to this book on the electrochemical promotion of catalysis. But the joy is that it has been set down in a very lucid way so that I seldom had to pause to scan a sentence a second time for meaning. 

Since then Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis has been proven to be a general phenomenon at the interface of Catalysis and Electrochemistry. More than seventeen groups around the world have made important contributions in this area and this number is reasonably expected to grow further as the phenomenon of electrochemical promotion has very recently been found, as analyzed in this book, to be intimately related not only to chemical (classical) promotion and spillover, but also to the heart of industrial catalysis, i.e. metal-support interactions of classical supported catalysts. 

Refs. [i] StoukidesM, Vayenas CG (1981) JCatal70 137 [ii] Vayenas CG, Bebelis S, Ladas S (1990) Nature 343 625 [iii] Lambert RM, Williams F, Palermo A, Tikhov MS (2000) Topics Catal 13 91 [iv] Fdti G, Bol-zonella I, Comninellis C (2003) Electrochemical promotion of catalysis. In Vayenas CG, Conway BE, White RE (eds) Modern aspects of electrochemistry - electrochemical promotion of catalysis, vol. 36. Kluwer/Plenum, New York [v] Vayenas CG, Bebelis S, Pliangos C, Brosda S, Tsiplakides D (2001) Electrochemical activation of catalysis promotion, electrochemical promotion and metal-support interactions. Kluwer/Plenum, New York... 

Tsiplakides, D. et al., Electrochemical promotion of catalysis mechanistic investigations and monolithic electropromoted reactors, Catal. Today, 100, 133, 2005. 

Electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC) or non-Faradaic electrochemical modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA) is the phenomenon whereby application of small current density (1-lO pA/cm ) or potential ( + 2V) between a conductive catalyst, deposited on a solid electrolyte, and a second (catalytically inert) electrode, also deposited on the solid electrolyte, enhances the catalytic performance of the catalyst [9-14,16-25] (Figure 1). 

Foti, G., Bolzonella, 1. and Comninellis, C. (2003) in Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis, Modem Aspect of Electrochemistry, Vol. 36 (eds C.G. Vayenas, B.E. Conway and R.E. White), Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York,... 

Figure 25 The middle layer of the model enzyme used by Bagdassarian and coworkers to examine the role of vibrations in promotion of catalysis. C is the catalytic subunit, and S the substrate. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to assess the catalytic efficiency of enzymes that varied in the number of flexible and stiff linkages between neighboring subunits in the white box. P (phantom) and N (neutral) subunits were not varied during the simulation. Reproduced with permission from G. S. B. Williams A. M. Hossain S. Shang D. E. Kranbuehl C. K. Bagdassarian, J. Theor. Comput.

In Situ Controlled Promotion of Catalysis the NEMCA Effect... 

Electrochemical promotion of catalysis, similarly to usual (chemical) promotion and to metal-support interactions in heterogeneous catalysis, is related to spillover-backspillover phenomena. The latter can be described as the mobility of adsorbed species from one phase on which they easily adsorb (donor) to another phase where they do not directly adsorb (acceptor). By this mechanism a seemingly inert material can acquire catalytic activity. Spillover may lead to an improvement of catalytic activity or selectivity and also to an increase in lifetime of the catalyst. 

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