Oil-seed rape

Menhaden oil Neatsfoot oil Oleic acid Oleo oil Olive oil Palm oil Peanut oil Perilla oil Pine oil Rape seed oil Rosin oil Soya bean oil Sperm oil Tallow Tallow oil Tung oil Turpentine Whale oil... 

Crotonyl isothiocyanate, C4H7. N C S, has been found in Indian rape-seed oil. It is an oil of odour somewhat similar to that of the corresponding allyl compound, and having the following characters —... 

By way of a specific example let us consider erucic acid. The main commercial source of erucic acid is a specially bred form of rape seed (HEAR) as pointed out above. With European consumption being around 60 000 tpa almost 40 000 ha of land are used to grow rapeseed for erucic acid production in Europe. The high level of erucic found in this type of rape seed oil make it unsuitable for human consumption, owing to the indigestibility of such large amounts of this acid. Erucic acid is also the major fatty acid to be found in nasturtium and crambe seeds (up to 75% and 56% respectively), and it is also found in the salad herb, rocket. 

For certain naturally occurring nontoxic a.i., an enforcement is not sensible (e.g., lecithin, rape seed oil). Analytical methods for residues in soil are not necessary if the DTgo values of the a.i. and relevant metabolites are less than 3 days (e.g., fosetyl), because in general, the results from residue analyses are not meaningful if the a.i. is rapidly degraded. 

Liquids can be extracted from solids by leaching. As the name implies, the soluble liquid contained in a solid is leached out by contacting the solid with a suitable solvent. A principal application of leaching is in the extraction of valuable oils from nuts and seeds such as, palm oil and rape seed oil. 

In a 5-I. flask fitted with a reflux condenser are placed 2500 cc. of 95 per cent ethyl alcohol and 340 g. (4.5 moles) of commercial (73—75 per cent) potassium hydroxide. The mixture is gently shaken until the hydroxide is dissolved, 1330 g. (1500 cc., approximately 4 equivalents) of rape seed oil is added with shaking (Note 1) and the mixture is refluxed on a steam bath for twenty-five to thirty hours. 

Erudc acid is a constituent of various natural oils but is most conveniently obtained from rape seed oil. The process described above is essentially that of Reimer and Will.1 Methods have been developed for obtaining pure erudc add free from saturated acids,2 but these involve time-consuming procedures of fractional precipitation and crystallization, and necessarily give poor yields. The product obtained above is satisfactory for most purposes. 

If the solution is mixed in this manner, the rape seed oil emulsifies on being poured into the alkali and refluxing begins more smoothly. 

A compounding ingredient with the main functions of a processing aid or extender. Dark factice (sulphur factice) is produced by heating certain unsaturated oils (principally rape seed oil) with sulphur. White factice (sulphur chloride factice) is prepared by treating rape seed oil with sulphur monochloride at normal temperatures. Factice is still sometimes referred to as mbber substitute or simply sub , but these terms are not recommended. 

It is also necessary to develop enzymatic trans-esterification processes that may find applications for waste material such as rape seed oil cake and for glycerol (propanediol, GTBE). 

Plastid transformation is highly dependent on the tissue culture process because it enables copies of the wild-type plastid genome to be selectively eliminated before plant regeneration (Maliga, 2003). However, many of the crop species regenerated in this way turn out to be sterile, a consequence of plant regeneration from tissue culture. As mentioned earlier, the transformation of Arabidopsis, tomato, potato, rice, and rape seed oil has been achieved at very low efficiencies, and the resulting transformants... 

GAllipoll, 014, glycerin, 000. goat s fist, 020, rape seed oil, 024. ... 

Astrup, H. N. 1980. Effect on milk lipolysis of restricted feeding with and without supplementation with protected rape seed oil. J. Dairy Res. 47, 287-294. 

Ncmdrying oils are those which remain permanently greasy or sticky, becoming rancid after a time. Among these oils the most important are olive oil, castor oil from the seeds oF the castor bean plant, rape seed oil, peanut oil. almond oil. used medicinally, and tea seed oil. 

Figure 8 shows a comparison of the HPLC chromatograms of rape-seed oil between one- and two-step preparation methods. As a comparison, the HPLC chromatogram of rapeseed oil treated with supercritical methanol in the presence of water is also shown. It is obvious that peaks of the two-step method only consist of methyl esters, whereas for other supercritical methanol methods, some peaks of intermediate compounds such as monoglycerides and diglycerides as well as unreacted triglycer-... 

Under organic conditions, chemical control of the red spider mite is only possible in relation to the overwintering eggs. Mineral oil and rape-seed oil products are permitted for this purpose. Mineral oil is much more effective than rapeseed oil, however. 

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