Range of influence

It can sometimes be easier, inside a specific volume, to use supply than to use exhaust air to control contaminants because of the much longer range of influence air from a supply opening has when the openings have the same size and the same airflow rate. For some contaminants and in some processes it may also be necessary to supply additional breathing air to the workers and this air could then also be used to control and transport contaminants. For spot cooling of workers or work pieces it is possible to use point jets originating from specific supply inlets. 

Input map layers into Fuzzy Logic Operators include lithologies and hydrothermal alteration plus their ranges of influence (buffer zone), lineament density maps and multiplicative geochemical maps. Input map layers are explained in the following sections. 

From the point of view of environmental management, it is very important to identify sites characterized by significant changes (compared with natural ecosystems) caused by the presence of primary or secondary pollutants. To identify the threats due to these changes, the range of influence of pollutants, the distribution of pollution intensity, and the directions and dynamics of changes need to be determined. The results of physicochemical studies are not a suitable tool with which to achieve this aim for the following reasons ... 

The molecular dynamics method has been applied recently to do an extensive study of solvent interactions in a solution of an alanine dipeptide in water[l7b,c]. The effect of solute proximity on dynamic behavior of the solvent, the range of influence of the solvent, the nature of the solvent in the neighborhood of various functional groups in the peptide, as well as the effects of solvent on the peptide dynamics were investigated in these works. 

Rudzinski and Everett (1992, p. 368) have drawn attention to a possible relation between the value of r and the degree of surface heterogeneity. The interesting suggestion is made that an increase in heterogeneity is likely to extend the range of influence of the surface on the multilayer structure, consequently causing a reduction in the value of s. However, more evidence is required to test this hypothesis. 

Fig. 1. Schemaiic illutiTtlioa of a ne aiively charged spherical polymer latex particle vrilh an electrical double layer.-----represents the range of influence of electrostatic forces.

FiQ. 2. Schematic illusiration of a nonctiarged polymer latex parttde with adsorbed or grafted nonionic polymer chains.-represents the range of influence of steric forces. 

Here the mask has an even number of entries. The calculations above follow through in exactly the same way, except that the range of influence of an original control point reaches to a point half-way between images of control points. This means that we expect there to be discontinuities of some derivative at these half-way points, rather than at the images of control points. 

In a uniform soil, if overstress (failure) does not occur directly at the point of load application, it is reasonable to assume failure will not occur elsewhere within the soil mass. However, soils are often stratified, with weaker soils underlying the surface strata, and other structures often lie within the range of influence of new loading. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to compute stresses at many locations within a loaded soil mass. 

Fig. 2. The interaction of the ranges of influence for several calcite cement nuclei. Note that nucleation of calcite cement may possibly take place at a dissolved calcite concentration significantly lower than the solubility of biogenic carbonate.

When the type, concentration and specific surface area of biogenic carbonate is relatively constant within a bed, the range of influence may show little variation, and as the distance between concretions will typically vary between one and two ranges of influence, as explained above, a semi-regular spacing between concretions can arise. Similarly, variations in the type, concentration and/or specific surface area of biogenic carbonate from bed to bed, plus variable bed thicknesses, could cause the range of influence to vary systematically between beds. 

A point to be noted is that the selection of the number of cells and hence the cell length. Ax, cannot be totally free in any finite difference scheme. The Courant condition suggests that the time integration should not attempt to calculate beyond the spatial domain of influence by using a temperature at a distance beyond the range of influence determined by the characteristic velocity of temperature propagation. Hence... 

There is considerable current interest in systems with optical functionality, such as optical switches, logic gates, or sensors. The utility of such devices depend critically on rather subtle balances of a range of influences, each of which ultimately needs to be addressed from a fundamental quantum mechanical perspective. 

Factorial experiments are based on varying all factors simultaneously at a limited number of factor levels. This kind of experimentation is especially important in the beginning of an experimental study, where the most influential factors, their ranges of influence, and factor interactions are not yet known. Factorial experiments allow experiments to take place in the whole range of the factors space. They reveal high precision at a minimum experimental effort, and they enable factor interactions to be detected, such as the dependence of enzyme activity on both pH value and coenzyme concentration. 

Recent studies by Perry and Keeling-Tucker [122] using tris-catecholato silicon (IV) complexes as the source of silica extend the range of influence of silica to include calcium and iron in addition to Al. Some form of silica appears to influence the mineralization of iron oxide and calcium phosphate phases as seen by others. Silica shows an affinity for Al species comparable to organic complexing ligands. 

The results of the influence of the flow rate on the permeate flux are presented in Fig. 4.6. These experiments were performed in order to understand whether concentration polarization is important in this process, and also its range of influence. As can be seen from the figure, the effect of concentration polarization is significant at aU except very low concentrations -0.005 M. This behavior is markedly different from that observed in the docosane-toluene system, where the flow rate has a negligible effect on the permeate flux. The difference could be attributed to two factors. 

The range of influence of units of the chain on the growth center classi-fles single mechanisms into Bernoulli or Markov mechanisms. The names derive from the mathematicians responsible for the statistics used to treat the... 

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