Raman spectroscopy diamond

Ferrari, A.C. Determination of bonding in diamond-like carbon by Raman spectroscopy. Diamond Rel. Mater. 2002, 11, 1053-1061. 

Identification of vapor grown diamond is accomplished by X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and by Raman spectroscopy. Diamond coatings show the characteristic first-order Raman peak for diamond at 1332cm [59]. In many cases, an additional peak located at 1550cm occurs in the Raman spectrum which is attributed to a highly disordered carbon phase (diamond-like carbon) [60]. This diamond-like carbon contains sp and sp hybridized C-atoms which do not coincide with graphite. 

Chronister E L and Crowell R A 1991 Time-resolved coherent Raman spectroscopy of low-temperature molecular solids in a high-pressure diamond anvil cell Chem. Phys. Lett. 182 27... 

Raman spectroscopy of films [INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND RAMAN SPECTHOSCOPY - RAMAN SPECTHOSCOPY] (Vol 14) Diamond Alizarine Black SN [3258-74-0]... 

Because Raman spectroscopy requires one only to guide a laser beam to the sample and extract a scattered beam, the technique is easily adaptable to measurements as a function of temperature and pressure. High temperatures can be achieved by using a small furnace built into the sample compartment. Low temperatures, easily to 78 K (liquid nitrogen) and with some diflSculty to 4.2 K (liquid helium), can be achieved with various commercially available cryostats. Chambers suitable for Raman spectroscopy to pressures of a few hundred MPa can be constructed using sapphire windows for the laser and scattered beams. However, Raman spectroscopy is the characterizadon tool of choice in diamond-anvil high-pressure cells, which produce pressures well in excess of 100 GPa. ... 

Recent developments in Raman equipment has led to a considerable increase in sensitivity. This has enabled the monitoring of reactions of organic monolayers on glassy carbon [4.292] and diamond surfaces and analysis of the structure of Lang-muir-Blodgett monolayers without any enhancement effects. Although this unenhanced surface-Raman spectroscopy is expected to be applicable to a variety of technically or scientifically important surfaces and interfaces, it nevertheless requires careful optimization of the apparatus, data treatment, and sample preparation. 

Information exists about the use of measuring cells made entirely of diamond or graphite with or without embedded diamond windows. Diamond cells were used, for instance, by Toth and Gilpatrick [333] in the investigation of the Nb(IV) spectrum in a LiF - BeF2 molten system at 550°C. Windowless graphite cells for the IR spectroscopy of melts were developed by Veneraky, Khlebnikov and Deshko [334]. Diamond, and in some cases windowless sapphire or graphite micro-cells, were also applied for Raman spectroscopy measurements of molten fluorides. 

Raman spectroscopy A nondestructive method for the study of the vibrational band structure of materials, which has been extensively used for the characterization of diamond, graphite, and diamond-like carbon. Raman spectroscopy is so far the most popular technique for identifying sp bonding in diamond and sp bonding in graphite and diamond-like carbon. 

D.S. Knight, W.B. White, Characterization of diamond films by Raman spectroscopy, Journal of Materials Research, 4 (2011) 385-393. 

The luminescence of diamonds is related to various defects in its structure. Almost always, luminescence centers in diamonds are related to N atoms. It is logical, because the atomic radii of C and N are nearly equal (approximately 0.77 A). Luminescence spectroscopy has proven to be the most widely used method in studies of diamonds even in comparison with optical absorption, ESR, IR and Raman spectroscopies. Himdreds of spectra have been obtained, fluorescence characteristics enter into diamond quality gemological certificates, a wide range of electronic and laser applications are based on diamond optical properties in excited states nitrogen center aggregation is controlled by the residence time of diamond in the mantle, distinction between natural... 

Raman spectroscopy with high pressure windowed cell (Sum et al., 1997 Thieu et al., 2000) P, T and hydrate phase Yes P, P, hydrate phase vs. time (mins) Typically for sapphire window < 10,000 psi (for capillary tubes <60,000 psi diamond anvil cell GPa s) Guest occupancy ratios, structure, structural transitions... 

To evaluate the crystallinity of the films, Raman spectroscopy is used. A typical Raman spectrum is presented in Fig. 4. Of the crystalline diamond, a narrow peak at a frequency of 1332 cur1 is characteristic, which is caused by the first-order phonon scattering by the crystal lattice. The non-diamond carbon is represented in the spectrum by two diffuse bands at ca. 1350 and 1550 cm-1. When comparing the peaks height, one should keep in mind that the Raman signal is 50 times more sensitive to the non-diamond carbon than to the crystalline diamond [20], In the high-quality diamond films used as electrodes, the non-diamond carbon component rarely exceeds 1%. Raman spectroscopy data have been corroborated by the independent impedance spectroscopy measurements (see below). According to [21], the inner layer of a diamond film is enriched with the admixture of non-diamond carbon as compared to its outer layer. 

A high-quality diamond film electrode needs high purity and quality diamond film fully covering the substrate to limit the exposure of the substrate to the environment. Micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron... 

Ager, J. W. and Drory, M. D. (1993), Quantitative measurement of residual biaxial stress by Raman-spectroscopy in diamond grown on a Ti alloy by chemical-vapor-deposition. Phys. Rev. B, 48(4) 2601-2607. 

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