Raman spectroscopy measurement

Information exists about the use of measuring cells made entirely of diamond or graphite with or without embedded diamond windows. Diamond cells were used, for instance, by Toth and Gilpatrick [333] in the investigation of the Nb(IV) spectrum in a LiF - BeF2 molten system at 550°C. Windowless graphite cells for the IR spectroscopy of melts were developed by Veneraky, Khlebnikov and Deshko [334]. Diamond, and in some cases windowless sapphire or graphite micro-cells, were also applied for Raman spectroscopy measurements of molten fluorides. 

Smidt CR, Gellermann W, and Zidichouski JA (2004), Non-invasive Raman spectroscopy measurement of human carotenoid status, Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. J. 18 A 480. 

Partial reaction of 2NaBH + MgCl d-MgCBH ) + 2NaCl (where d- is disordered ) the presence of d-Mg(BH )2 we invoke just on the basis of the results presented by Nakamori et al. [173, 174] based on their Raman spectroscopy measurements (we are unable to confirm this)... 

Trimethylene oxide (Hawkins and Davidson, 1966), cyclopropane (Hafemann and Miller, 1969 Majid et al., 1969), and ethylene sulfide (Ripmeester, Personal Communication, May 2,1988) are three molecules that can form in either the 51262 of structure I or the 51264 of structure II as simple hydrates. Raman spectroscopy measurements suggest that a low fraction of 512 cages may also be occupied by cyclopropane at high pressures (Suzuki et al., 2001). Such compounds change structures depending on the temperature and pressure of formation, and guest composition in the aqueous phase as discussed in Section 2.1.3. 

Zhang et al. have recently reported the hydrogenation of SWNTs by H-plasma treatment [17]. The hydrogenation on the surface of SWNTs was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Further, the hydrogenation of SWNTs was elucidated by infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy measurements. IR spectra showed vibration bands in the range of 2,750-3,000 cm-1 for the hydrogenated SWNTs. 

Raman Spectroscopy Measurements. The methane molecules in hydrate were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy by use of a laser Raman microprobe spectrometer (JASCO NSR-1000). The temperature of hydrate crystal was kept constant at 253 K during Raman measurements and heating the sample F by use of a freezing stage (Linkam LK-FDCSI). 

The study of structure and thermodynamics of the MF-AIF3 (M = Li, Na, K) melts using vapor pressure, solubility, and Raman spectroscopy measurements was conducted by Olsen (1996). From the Raman spectroscopic studies several conclusions could be drawn. 

Figure 10.4. Windowless graphite cell for Raman spectroscopy measurement of fluoride melts.

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Chemical Agents Simulants 205 3.1. Raman Spectroscopy Measurements... 

Mantzaras, J., and Van Der Meer, T. H. "Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy Measurements of Temperature Fluctuations in Turbulent Natural Gas-Fueled Piloted Jet Diffusion Flames." Combustion and Flame 110 (1997) 39-53. 

On Ag sols, molecules lie mainly fiat on the surface, as determined from SERS (surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy) measurements. However, the molecules are twisted and there is evidence for a small inclination against the surface. The twisting decreases and the inclination increases with increasing chain length [10-12]. The observed twisting of the molecules is in line with crystal powder X-ray diffraction data (see, e.g., [13] and references therein) which show a small twisting angle (3 -12 ) between the monomeric units in the solid state of 3T [14] and 4T [15,16]. 2T... 

Ultraviolet, infrared and Raman spectroscopy have been used widely to study the modes of vibration - and therefore the structural properties - of molecules. These methods have provided invaluable information for many small clusters in the gas phase, particularly diatomic molecules [14]. There are also very precise data on some larger elemental clusters with symmetrical structures (an example is tetrahedral P [15]), and recent Raman spectroscopy measurements on Si, clusters (n = 4,6,7) [16] have confirmed the predictions of HF-based calculations [17]. Nevertheless, the application to larger clusters in the gas phase has not been widespread to date. One reason has certainly been the difficulty in performing reliable calculations for comparison purposes. 

Zou et al. have reported the synthesis of CZTS nanoerystals by a hot injection method. " ZnS impurities were detected by UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy measurements when reaction was carried out with a Zn/Sn precursor ratio of 1.2. The mechanism for formation of CZTS and ZnS impurities was also investigated. It was found that formation of crystalline CZTS and Cu2SnS3 and amorphous ZnS were formed after injection of sulfur-oleylamine into the mixture solution. Reaction of ZnS with... 

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