Correction terms

The specific heat of gases at constant pressure is calculated using the principle of corresponding states. The for a mixture in the gaseous state is equal to the sum of the C g of the ideal gas and a pressure correction term ... 

Applying the Newton-Kantorovich procedure to the described problem as is done in [7], we obtain an integral equation to calculate the correction term hn z) to the initial profile n (z) ... 

Derive the equation for the capillary rise between parallel plates, including the correction term for meniscus weight. Assume zero contact angle, a cylindrical meniscus, and neglect end effects. 

Similarides Between Potential Ruid Dynamics and Quantum Mechanics Electrons in the Dirac Theory The Nearly Nonrelativistic Limit The Lagrangean-Density Correction Term Topological Phase for Dirac Electrons What Have We Learned About Spinor Phases ... 

This basic LFER approach has later been extended to the more general concept of fragmentation. Molecules are dissected into substructures and each substructure is seen to contribute a constant inaement to the free-energy based property. The promise of strict linearity does not hold true in most cases, so corrections have to be applied in the majority of methods based on a fragmentation approach. Correction terms are often related to long range interactions such as resonance or steric effects. 

The correction term in Eq. (9) shows that the basic assumption of additivity of the fragmental constants obviously does not hold true here. Correction has to be appHed, e.g., for structural features such as resonance interactions, condensation in aromatics or even hydrogen atoms bound to electronegative groups. Astonishingly, the correction applied for each feature is always a multiple of the constant Cu, which is therefore often called the magic constant . For example, the correction for a resonance interaction is +2 Cj, or per triple bond it is -1 A detailed treatment of the Ef system approach is given by Mannhold and Rekker [5]. 

A fourth correction term may also be required, depending upon the medium that surrounds the sphere of simulation boxes. If the surrounding medium has an infinite relative permittivity (e.g. if it is a conductor) then no correction term is required. However, if the surrounding medium is a vacuum (with a relative permittivity of 1) then the following energy must be added ... 

Dehydration of the corresponding acid amides. This process usually requires phosphorus pentoxide (correctly termed phosphoric anhydride) as a dehydrating agent. 

The steric correction term S, correcting for crowding at the /5 position in the case of N Or C as -substituent, is applied once for each non hydrogen/3-substi-... 

S = disubstitution correction term S° = steric correction term ... 

The recommended design procedure uses the values of (E /and m from Figures 7 and 8 in equation 56 and yields a very good estimation of Alp despite the curvature of the operating and the equilibrium lines. This value differs from A/q obtained by equation 49 because of the /(I — y) term in the latter equation. A convenient approach for purposes of approximate design is to define a correction term AA/q which can be added to equation 55 ... 

In the macroscopic heat-transfer term of equation 9, the first group in brackets represents the usual Dittus-Boelter equation for heat-transfer coefficients. The second bracket is the ratio of frictional pressure drop per unit length for two-phase flow to that for Hquid phase alone. The Prandd-number function is an empirical correction term. The final bracket is the ratio of the binary macroscopic heat-transfer coefficient to the heat-transfer coefficient that would be calculated for a pure fluid with properties identical to those of the fluid mixture. This term is built on the postulate that mass transfer does not affect the boiling mechanism itself but does affect the driving force. 

The method of Lee and KesleF is the preferred method if the critical temperature and the critical pressure of the hydrocarbon is known or can be reasonably predicted by the methods of the first section. The corresponding states method is shown in equation (2-31) with the simple fluid and correction terms to be calculated from equations (2-32) and (2-33), respectively, for any Tr-... 

FIG, 2 36 Generalized compressibility factors—Pitzer Method, correction term. 

For concentrated binary liquid nonhydrocarbon systems, the method of Caldwell and Babb, " Eq. (2-156) has been modified by introduction of a thermodynamic correction term as shown in Eq. (2-158). 

Here, the wavelength of the laser light is A, and is a correction term due to the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of the etalon material ( = 0.034 at 514.5 nm when fused silica etalons are used to achieve the necessary delay, or = 0 when a lens combination is used). The optical correction term Av/v results from the change in refractive index of the window material with shock stress (Barker and Hollenbach, 1970). If the measure-... 

Like Criterion 2, this relation has no theoretical foundation and only serves as a comparison and for the design of protection installations. For this reason in Eq. (5-110 is sometimes less correctly termed the conventional protection current requirement. 

For a quick estimate of total dissolved solids (TDS) in water one can run a conductivity measurement. The unit for the measurement is mhos/cm. An mho is the reciprocal of an ohm. The mho has been renamed the Sieman (S) by the International Standard Organization. Both mhos/cm and S/cm are accepted as correct terms. In water supplies (surface, well, etc.) conductivity will run about 10 S/cm or 1 iS/cm. 

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