Radiographic Features

Chest radiographs usually show bilateral symmetric alveolar infiltrates, but asymmetric, unilateral, and chronic patchy patterns can also occur (2,4,11). A perihilar distribution resembling a butterfly or batwing pattern is often seen and can be mistaken for pulmonary edema (2) (Fig. 2). The extent of radiographic 

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Pye SR et al (2004) Radiographic features of lumbar disc degeneration and self-reported back pain. J Rheumatol 31(4) 753-758... 

Development of acute POP Development of acute PCP still exists in patients receiving pentamidine prophylaxis. The use of pentamidine may alter the clinical and radiographic features of PCP and could result in an atypical presentation, including but not limited to mild diseases or focal infection. 

Eftekhari, F and Yousefzadeh, D, 1982, Primary infantile hyperparathyroidism clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features in 21 cases, Skeletal Radiol 8 201-208 Finegold, DN, Armitage, MM, Galiani, M, Matise, TC, Pandian, MR, Perry, YM, Deka, R and Ferrell, RE, 1994, Preliminary localization of a gene for autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism to chromosome 3ql3, Pediatr Res 36 414—417... 

E.A. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in 32 children clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features, with survival analysis. X. Hepatol. 2004 40 857-859... 

Chan YL, Li CK, Pang LM, Chik KW. Desferrioxamine-induced long bone changes in thalassaemic patients— radiographic features, prevalence and relations with growth. Clin Radiol 2000 55(8) 610-14. 

Radiographic features tend to be quite variable hilar adenopathy with alveolar infiltrates, tissue excavation of an infiltrate (resulting in a thin-walled cavity), or small pleural effusions are all seen commonly. With chronic persistent pneumonia, chest radiographs usually demonstrate apical fibronodular lesions or slowly progressive cavitation. 

Stress fractures of the femoral neck are extremely rare in children (Scheerlinck and Deboeck 1998). A history of chronicity is usually present. The fracture may occur on the superior aspect of the femoral neck (the tension side) or on the inferior side (the compression side) (Devas 1965). The radiographic features may be subtle as the fractures are mostly undisplaced. Callus at the fracture site may be visible. 

The leukaemias represent a group of diffuse malignancies of the bone marrow that frequently produce bony changes. The commonest form in children, particularly under 5 years of age, is acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The radiographic features seen in up to three quarters of patients indude diffuse osteo-... 

Radiographic features of HP are variable depending on the phase of the disease (i.e., acute, subacute, or chronic) (97-102) (Table 12). HRCT scans in acute HP reveal GGO and areas of airspace consolidation (99,100) (Fig. 13). The process is usually diffuse and symmetrical, but patchy or asymmetric involvement may occur (100). The cardinal CT feature of subacute HP is small (2-4 mm), poorly defined centrilobular micronodules (99,103). Additional features include GGO,... 

Adler BD, Padley SP, Muller NL, et al. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis high-resolution CT and radiographic features in 16 patients. Radiology 1992 185(1) 91-95. 

Chittock DR, Joseph MG, Paterson NA, et al. Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis with pleural involvement. Clinical and radiographic features. Chest 1994 106(3) 672-676. 

The exact frequency of hepatic abnormalities on abdominal CT is unknown because aU series have involved a selection bias and/or have been retrospective. However, the radiographic features of hepatic sarcoidosis have been well described. Hepatomegaly is the most common liver abnormality detected on CT (70-73) and is frequently associated with splenomegaly (73). Hepatomegaly from sarcoidosis may occur in patients with normal chest radiographs (Scadding stage 0) (70). 

Chest radiographs in UIP typically reveal diffuse, bilateral, interstitial (reticular) infiltrates, with a predilection for basilar and peripheral (subpleural) regions (2,18). Similar radiographic features may be noted in asbestosis (2) and CVD-associated pulmonary fibrosis (3,18). 

Chest radiography generally reveals bilateral, fine reticular, or reticulonodular opacities in over two-thirds of patients but may appear normal in up to 20% of patients with RB-ILD (7,8). Bronchial wall thickening, described by some authors as a relatively common radiographic feature, can be difficult to appreciate (12). In some patients, ground-glass opacities may be the predominant abnormality on chest radiography (8). 

Venable performed a radiographic study of a Baratol plane wave initiated Composition B detonation proceeding perpendicular to an Aluminum block, up a 45° wedge, and around a 90° block. Calculations using the Forest Fire model reproduced the radiographic features. 

Accelerated silicosis has similar radiographic features as the classic form of silicosis, except for its earlier onset and rapid rate of progression, which is truncated to a period of between 5 years and 10 years. Silicoproteinosis is a variant characterized by rapid and progressive involvement of the lungs with bilateral air space opacities similar to that found in alveolar proteinosis. The rate of progression ranges from a few months to a couple of years, usually culminating in death in a few years (Buechner and Ansari 1969 Dees et al. 1978). 

Traditionally, chest radiographic features of diffuse interstitial fibrosis have been regarded as crucial for the diagnosis of asbestosis (American Thoracic Society 1986 Weill 1987). Characteristically, a bilateral basal reticulonodular pattern is seen (Parkes 1994). Small irregular opacities, which may differ in size, are seen in early disease and are denoted by the symbols s, t and u of the International Labour Office (ILO) classification (International Labour Office 2002) (Fig. 7.1a,b), although mixed irregular and rounded opacities are sometimes... 

The radiographic features on the acute initial stage vary from normality to typical pulmonary edema (Fig. 12.11). The chest radiographs of patients with pathologically proved bronchiolitis obliterans have shown discrete nodularity with or without confluence (Ramirez and Dowell 1971). Bronchiolitis obliterans may appear as hyperinflation, mosaic pattern, centrilobular nodules, or bronchiectasis on thin-section CT. Expiratory thin-section CT may he useful in the detection of bronchiolitis obliterans. 

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