Radioactive aerosols associated with the operation of high-energy accelerators

Radioactive aerosols associated with the operation of high-energy accelerators 

During accelerator operation radioactive nuclides are produced by the interaction between the primary and secondary particles E 30 MeV) from the machine and the atmospheric air in the accelerator halls. Spallation reactions in solid machine parts can also lead to the formation of radioactive nuclides. If the air is confined in the accelerator hall there will be no release of radioactive nuclides into the outside zones during operation of the machine. When the machine is stopped an unexpected concentration of radioactive nuclides may be present in the air. Table 2.11 lists all the radioactive nuclides with a half-life 1 s (in decreasing half-life order) which can be produced by irradiation of the atmospheric air in a proton ac- 

Activity median aerodynamic diameters, AMADs, in tun and geometric standard deviations, Og, the activity size distributions for aerosol collected in different work environments 

Work environment Coarse mode Accumulation mode  

High energy hadron fluxes around the aerosol sampling site (particles cm s )  

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