Acceleration energy

J. I. Gersten and A. Nitzan, Accelerated energy transfer between molecules near a solid particle, Chem. Phys. Lett. 104, 31-37 (1984). 

Instrument that separates ions by m/z in a field-free region after acceleration to a fixed acceleration energy.1 1 2 3 4 5... 

Typically, a source gas such as boron trifluoride [7637-07-2], BF3, is exposed to an ion source that causes the gas to ionize. An analyzer discriminates between all the ionic particles using a magnetic field that can select particles having the correct mass-to-charge ratio to pass through the analyzer to an acceleration tube. The ions are accelerated in the tube and collimated into a beam that is scanned over the substrate wafer. The three primary parameters of any implantation process are the type of dopant species, the accelerating energy used for implantation, and the dose of the source gas. The dose is the total number of ions that enter the wafer. Dose, ( ), can be calculated... 

Figure 7.13 Noble gas amounts (labeled as Released Amount in the ordinate), which were implanted on target minerals (olivine and ihnenite), are plotted against irradiation dose. Acceleration energies of the implanted noble gases range from 20 to 200 KeV (total energy). After Futagami et al. (1993).

The variation of E0 can be obtained either by changing the acceleration energy or, within a smaller range, by applying a high voltage to the target. 

Because of the uncertainties in the interaction models above accelerator energies coupled with statistical and systematic limitations of the experiments, the primary composition as a function of energy above 1017 eV remains an open question (Watson, 2004). 

Minkova and Nikolova [1989a,b] investigated the effect of electron irradiation on the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of thin films (100 pm) of LDPE/iPP blends (Table 11.9). Melt blending of the polymers was done at 180-225°C. The tubular films were extraded (145-190°C) and cooled slowly to room temperature (this would keep the crystallinity level high). The samples were irradiated (50-120 kGy) with electrons from an E-250 accelerator (energy not specified probably 250 keV). 

Mglu204 thin films were prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique and H+, Li+ ions were implanted at room temperature. The acceleration energy was 1.5 MeV and the fluence range studied spanned from 10 to 10 ions cm . Some of the implanted films were annealed at 450°C for 5 h. Electrical conductivity measurements were carried out using a four-probe method and Hall measurements were performed by the Van der Pauw method under the magnetic field of 5000 Gauss (0.5 T). 

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