Radio Frequency ID

Similarly, a typical packaging operation can be made very responsive by redesigning it so as to work with RFID. RFID tags are attached to empty boxes to be filled. This tag is linked to a customer order, characteristics of which may still be unknown. The tag is read at the time the empty box enters the loading station and at that point the automated packing system interprets the order recipe on the RFID tag, and proceeds to locate the required set of items to be loaded into the box (Hodges et al. 2002). 

If there is a flaw in one of the ingredients, manufacturing can quickly determine which production batches were affected by matching the RFID tags with the flawed ingredient hst, and it can then produce a list of IDs that need to be recalled. For each box with the flawed ingredient, the respective recipients can be determined. The company can contact each recipient and recall the product. 

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A second proposed use of organic semiconductors is in radio frequency ID (RFID) tags [11,12]. Several hurdles must be overcome in order to make organic RFID practical. The first is the transistor speed, which will only be adequate for... 

Includes specific examples of radio-frequency ID lags, chemical and pressure sensors, flexible scanners, and display technology... 

Low-rate cylindrical cells are employed for CMOS memories, radio-frequency ID tags, utility meters, toll collection systems, and wireless security systems, among others. High-rate cylindrical cells, disk-type cells and very large prismatic batteries have been used for military applications. Use in consumer products has been limited by safety and cost considerations. 

As a low-cost alternative to traditional inorganic semiconductors based transistors, organic field effect transistors are ideally positioned for applications such as radio frequency ID tags, sensors, and smart banknotes [36-40]. An archetypical structure of a bottom-gate top-contact OFET is shown in Scheme 3.7a. Other device architectures have also been employed depending on the relative... 

Production of Ions. Several methods are used (11 by bombardment with electrons from a heated filament (2 by application of a strong electrostatic field (field ionization, field desorption) Ot by reaction with an ionized reagent gas (chemical ionization) (4 by direct emission of ions from a solid sample that is deposited on a heated filament (surface ionization) (SI by vaporization from a crucible and subsequent electron bombardment (e.g.. Knudsen cell for high-lcmperalure sludies id solids and (6) by radio-frequency spark bomhardmenl of sample fur parts-per-biliion (ppb) elemental analysis of solids as encountered in metallurgical, semiconductor, ceramics, and geological studies. Ions also are produced by photoion izution and laser ionizalion. 

In the acquisition of a simple ID spectrum, our goal is to excite all of the spins of a certain type (e.g., H) in the sample, regardless of chemical shift, at the same time. This requires a radio frequency pulse of very high power and short duration. The frequency of the pulse is adjusted to correspond to the resonance frequency at the center of the spectral window, so that it will be close to the resonance frequency of all of the spins in the sample. 

The traditional ID NOE experiment (Section 5.12) involves irradiating with low-power radio frequency at the resonant frequency of one peak in the H spectrum in order to equalize the populations of the two states ( saturation ). This saturated state is maintained by continued irradiation until the perturbation of populations of nearby nuclei in the molecule reaches a steady state and does not change any further. Then a 90° pulse is applied and an FID is recorded to measure the amount of perturbation on the nearby nuclei. As the enhancement of signals is quite small (a few percent), it is necessary to record a control spectrum with irradiation away from any peaks in the spectrum, and then subtract the control spectrum from the NOE spectrum. There are a number of disadvantages to this approach ... 

ID ll spectrum, and crosspeaks are arranged symmetrically around the diagonal. There is only one radio frequency channel in a homonuclear experiment, the H channel, so the center of the spectral window (set by the exact frequency of pulses and of the reference frequency in the receiver) is the same in If and F (Varian tof, Bruker ol). The spectral widths should be set to the same value in both dimensions, leading to a square data matrix. Heteronuclear experiments have no diagonal, and two separate radio frequency channels are used (transmitter for F2, decoupler for F ) with two independently set spectral windows (Varian tof and dof, sw, and swl, Bruker ol and o2, sw(If), and sw(I )). Heteronuclear experiments can be further subdivided into direct (HETCOR) and inverse (HSQC, HMQC, HMBC) experiments. Direct experiments detect the X nucleus (e.g., 13C) in the directly detected dimension (Ff) using a direct probe (13C coil on the inside, closest to the sample, H coil on the outside), and inverse experiments detect XH in the To dimension using an inverse probe (XH coil on the inside, 13C coil outside). 

The tag produces an identification (ID) signal, i.e., a radio frequency (RF) signal carrying identification information, capable of being interpreted by an electronic reader device. A preferred tag is fabricated using a printing process to mark a conductive pattern, e.g., comprised of a conductive ink based on silver, carbon, etc., on a flexible substrate, e.g., polyvinyl chloride. In at) -ical application, the flexible substrate is then preferably used to form a wrist band that can be used to identify an individual to permit, deny or otherwise determine the level of access to an area, e.g., a concert, a work area, or other restricted enviromnent. 

Dostie, M. and Navarri, P. 1994. Preliminary study on drying rate effects in radio frequency drying. In Drying 94, Proceedings of the IDS 94 (V. Rudolph and R.B. Keey, Eds.), University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 607-614. 

Dostie M, Navarri P. Preliminary study on drying rate effects in radio frequency drying. In Rudolph V, Keey RB eds. Drying 94, Proc. 9 . Inti. Drying Symposium (IDS 94), Gold Coast, Australia, 1994, pp 607-614. 

The structural properties of a second, apparently amorphous phase (all) of the molecular glass former triphenyl phosphite were studied by means of multidimensional solid-state NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Phase all was prepared by annealing the supercooled liquid in the temperature range 210 K < T < 230 K. In addition to ID H and P spectra and Ti data, P radio-frequency-driven spin-diffusion exchange spectroscopy were used to analyse the arrangement of neighboring TPP molecules on both a local and intermediate scale. ... 

Location X, Y, Z and T collected by satellite Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Cell ID, ultrasonic, radio frequency identification (RFID), GPS, ultra-wideband radio Electrical Computer screen, digital display GPS system can be used for detection of the location... 

Speedpass is a small radio-frequency identification device the driver uses by holding it close to a receiver built into the gasoline pump. The driver transmits credit card information and customer ID to ExxonMobil s information network. The transaction is approved and the customer begins... 

Moving Pictures is a table top with three Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers, a laptop computer, a set of speakers, a display, two cameras built into PDAs with RFID capabilities, and a collection of RFID tokens (see Figure 3). Recorded media is associated with digital ID and physical token. Software written for the PDA... 

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