Radiance

Radial impeller Radial passenger tires Radial tires Radiance Radiant colors Radiation... 

The radiance observed from a body depends on the elevation angle 9, which is the angle from the surface normal at which the measurement is made. If S is iadependent of 9, the radiance at 0, is given by Lambert s cosiae law ... 

Fig. 2. Curves 1, 2, and 3 show the spectral radiance factor for equivalent coatings of separate toluenesulfonamide—melamine—formaldehyde Day-Glo pigments containing 0.5% of a dye, either Alberta Yellow, Rhodamine F5G, or Rhodamine B Extra. Curve 4 is for a bright nonfluorescent red-orange printing ink. The illuminant was Source C. A magnesium oxide-coated block was used as a comparison white.

The detection of Hquid crystal is based primarily on anisotropic optical properties. This means that a sample of this phase looks radiant when viewed against a light source placed between crossed polarizers. An isotropic solution is black under such conditions (Fig. 12). Optical microscopy may also detect the Hquid crystal in an emulsion. The Hquid crystal is conspicuous from its radiance in polarized light (Fig. 13). The stmcture of the Hquid crystalline phase is also most easily identified by optical microscopy. Lamellar Hquid crystals have a pattern of oil streaks and Maltese crosses (Fig. 14a), whereas ones with hexagonal arrays of cylinders give a different optical pattern (Fig. 14b). 

McQueen et al. (1982) demonstrated that by placing a series of high-impedance transparent fluids (called optical analyzers) over the sample at a series of thicknesses less than d in the target that the overtaking rarefaction (sound) velocity can be accurately obtained. Arrival of rarefaction waves rapidly reduce the shock pressure. These wave arrivals could be very readily detected by the change in light radiance caused by the onset of a decrease in shock amplitude when the rarefaction wave caught up to the shock front. The... 

Figure 4.24. The Planck distribution law spectral radiance of blackbody radiation as a function of temperature and wavelength. (After Touloukian and DeWitt (1972). Plenum Press.)...

Figure 4.26. Special radiance versus wavelength for CaAljSi Og glass shocked to 48 GPa and 84 GPa. Best-fitting Planck blackbody curves are shown in relation to the radiance data. (After Boslough and Ahrens (1984). the American Geophysical Union.)...

Plane radiant The uniform temperature of an enclosure where the radiance on one side of a small plane element is the same as in the non-uniform actual environment. 

Figure 13-3. Typical currcm-voliagc and radiance-voltage characteristics of an MEH-PPV-based 01.MJ with an Au anode and an IIO cathode.

There have been numerous studies of the electrical and emission properties of conjugated polymer-, small molecule-, and molecularly doped polymer-based OLEDs. The current-voltage and radiance-voltage characteristics have been nica sured as a function of thickness of the organic layer, temperature, different metal electrodes, etc. in an attempt to understand the device physics. A major factor in hibiting progress is the purity of the organic impurities that are incorporated dur-... 

On the experimental front, Burrows and Forrest 155] have measured the electric field and thickness dependence of the current and radiance from bilayer devices with various HTLs and Alqs as the ETL. The data were analyzed in temis of trap-limited transport in the Alq t layer, with the assumption that the voltage drop across the HTL is negligible. However, this assumption was challenged by Vestweber and Riess [ I56 and Giebcler et al. 1157], who demonstrated that HTL plays an important role in determining the efficiency of bilayer OLEDs. 

X-ray production by electron excitation, 5-9, 27, 28, 98-102, 176-179 X-ray radiance, definition, 6 X-ray radiant energy, definition, 6 X-ray radiant flux or power, definition, 6... 

The Advanced-Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) carried on board the NOAA-7 satellite has been collecting radiance data from the earth s surface since 1978. The polar-orbiting satellite records global data on a neardaily basis. The 4-kilometer data have been remapped by NO A A into monthly composites. The data are collected in 2 bands-one visible (VIS), the other near infrared (NIR). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, or NDVI, defined... 

Procedures for determining the spectral responslvlty or correction factors In equation 2 are based on radiance or Irradlance standards, calibrated source-monochromator combinations, and an accepted standard. The easiest measurement procedure for determining corrected emission spectra Is to use a well-characterized standard and obtain an Instrumental response function, as described by equation 3 (17). In this case, quinine sulfate dlhydrate has been extensively studied and Issued as a National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Standard Reference Material (SRM). 

Inherent optical properties are independent of changes in the radiance distribution and depend only on the substances in the water [Preisendorfer (1961)]. 

Radiance A process for removing organic contaminants from the surfaces of semiconductors by irradiation with deep ultraviolet light while simultaneously passing an inert gas over the surface in laminar flow. Invented by A. Englesberg in 1987 and developed by Radiance Services Company, Bethesda, MD. 

---