Organic contaminant removal

For organic contaminant removal from surface water packed-tower aeration, granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon (PAC), diffused aeration, advanced oxidation processes, and reverse osmosis (RO). 

Swimming pools Ozone injection for removal of organic contaminants Removal of residual ozone and control of chloramine levels... 

Rogers SE, Peterson DL, Lauer WC. 1987. Organic contaminants removal for potable reuse. J Water Pollut Control Fed 59 722-732. 

Randtke, S.J. Organic contaminant removal by coagulation and related process combination. J. Am. Wat. Wks. Assoc. 1988, 80, 40-56. 

Remove the by-products after they are formed this first approach, removing the by-products after they are formed, can be difficult and costly. Many books discuss the treatment technologies available for organic contaminant removal (1,2). 

Knappe, D.R.U., Li, L., Quinlivan, P.A., and Wagner, T.B. (2003). Effects of activated carbon characteristics on organic contaminant removal. American Water Works Association Research Foundation Research Report No. 90926. 

Adsorption from solutions onto solid surfaces is important in many industrial practices, such as dye or organic contaminant removal, edible oil clarification by activated carbon, and ion exchange, where the adsorption of ions from electrolyte solutions is carried out. Adsorption from solution is also used in analytical chemistry in various chromatography applications. On the other hand, surfactant, polymer and biological material adsorption on solids, to modify the surface of solid particles in stabilizing dispersions, are also very important industrial fields. 

The data from 1987 on the use of activated carbons for liquid-phase applications in the US shows that 15,900 tons of activated carbon was used for wastewater treatment, 7,300 in the granular form and 8,600 in the powdered form [66]. Of 15,900 tons, 13,000 tons was used industrially and 2,900 tons municipally. Industrial applications of activated carbon are related to, in decreasing order, decolorization, treatment of chemical effluents, pharmaceuticals or mining groundwater. The organic contaminants removed include BOD, TOC, phenol, color, cresol, polyethers, toluene, xylene, nitro- and chlorophenols, insecticides, refinery wastes and acetic acid. Generally, the flow being treated is less than 80 m d and thermal reactivation of the carbon is used [67]. 

The quantity of organic contaminants removed by airstripping is small in comparison with the amount destroyed by biological oxidation. 

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